摘要
目的:了解天津市南开区某辖区内学龄前期儿童的生长发育水平及营养情况,为辖区内儿童保健及营养指导内容提供依据。方法:选取2022年1—12月天津市南开区王顶堤医院对天津市南开区某辖区进行保健查体的1560名3~6岁儿童作为研究对象,按照年龄将其分为4组。采用世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐的Z评分方法进行评价。结果:身高、体重、身体质量指数(BMI)在同性别纵向比较中,观察指标与年龄增长趋势相似,除BMI男童外,差异均有统计学意义(F=269.439、362.683、1149.738、1294.515、6.161,P<0.001);学龄前儿童体重和BMI均值比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.293、2.513,P<0.05);同年龄组内男童所有观察指标均优于女童。不同性别、不同年龄段的Z评分分布不同。年龄别体重(WAZ)儿童在各年龄组纵向比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.391、16.249,P<0.001);女童年龄别身高(HAZ)和年龄别BMI(BAZ)在各年龄组纵向比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=3.390、3.273,P<0.05);男女童总体在身高别体重(WHZ)、HAZ、WAZ、BAZ比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=0.384,0.296,0.950,1.803,P>0.05);4~<5岁、5~<6岁组儿童BAZ比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=1.581、2.397,P<0.05);6~<7岁组儿童WHZ比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.261,P<0.05);男童消瘦率随着年龄增长而下降,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.905,P<0.05);男女童的超重和肥胖发生率均随年龄增长而增加,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=47.447、52.529、14.245、60.783,P<0.05)。结论:辖区内学龄前儿童总体发育良好,但仍存在营养不良的问题,同时超重及肥胖问题需要引起家长及儿童保健医生关注。
Objective:To know the growth and development level and nutrition status of pre-school children in this area of Nankai District,Tianjin,and to provide reference for the health care and nutrition guidance of children.Methods:3 to 6 years old who underwent physical examination of child health care in Wangdingdi Hospital from January to December,2022 were selected,and they were divided into 4 groups according to their age.The physical examination data of 1560 children were obtained.The Z-score method recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO)was used for evaluation.Results:All of the groups,the longitudinal comparison of preschoolers of the same sex showed that height,weight and body mass index(BMI)increased with age,except for the boy group in BMI,the differences in other groups were statistically significant(F=269.439,362.683,1149.738,1294.515,6.161;P<0.001).There were statistically significant differences in the mean weight and BMI of boys and girls(t=2.293,2.513;P<0.05).All observation indicators of boys in the same age group were superior to those of girls.The distribution of Z-scores varies among different genders and age groups.Longitudinal comparison of WAZ children in each age group showed statistically significant differences(F=8.391,16.249;P<0.001).The longitudinal comparison of HAZ and BAZ of girls among different age groups showed statistically significant differences(F=3.390,3.273;P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in WHZ,HAZ,WAZ and BAZ between boys and girls as a whole(t=0.384,0.296,0.950,1.803;P>0.05).The comparison of BAZ in the 4-5 and 5-6 age groups showed statistically significant differences(t=1.581,2.397;P<0.05).There was significant difference in WHZ values between boys and girls aged 6-7 years(t=-2.261,P<0.05).The emaciation rate of boys decreased with age,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=8.905,P<0.05).The incidences of overweight and obesity in both boys and girls increased with age,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=47.447,52.529,14.245,60.783;P<0.05).Conclusion:Preschool children in this area are generally well developed,but malnutrition still exists.The problem of overweight and obesity needs to be addressed urgently by parents and pediatricians.
作者
张婧
Zhang Jing(Wangdingdi Hospital in Nankai District of Tianjin,Tianjin,300190,China)
出处
《黑龙江医学》
2025年第17期2135-2138,共4页
Heilongjiang Medical Journal
关键词
学龄前儿童
Z评分
生长发育
营养状况
Preschool children
Z score
Growth and development
Nutritional status
