摘要
巨灾灾后恢复重建是一项开放复杂的系统工程。基于系统工程视角解读中国巨灾灾后恢复重建的历史发展。首先定义了巨灾和划分标准,据此梳理新中国成立以来巨灾事件。其次,采用霍尔三维结构模型和物理一事理一人理系统方法论,从发展阶段、关键活动、科学技术3个要素构建了巨灾灾后重建系统结构。然后,通过分析典型巨灾灾后恢复重建的具体措施及其与人地关系演化的关联,揭示了巨灾灾后恢复重建系统的传统、可持续和智慧模式。最后从体制优势与法律保障,跨部门协调与信息共享,智能监测与精准需求评估,基础设施与文化建设,巨灾救助与巨灾保险5个方面总结出中国巨灾灾后恢复重建的历史经验。
Post-disaster restoration and reconstruction after major disasters is an open and complex mega-system project.This paper attempts to interpret the historical development of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in China from the system engineering perspective.First,we define major disaster events and provide classification and outline significant catastrophic events since 1949.Secondly,we use Hall's three-dimensional morphology and Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach to construct the system structure of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction from three dimensions:development stages,critical activities,and science and technology.Then,by examining the specific measures of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in typical catastrophic events and their relationship with the evolution of human-environment interactions,the traditional,sustainable and intelligent patterns of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction systems are revealed.Finally,the historical experiences of China's post-disaster restoration and reconstruction are summarized in five aspects:institutional advantages and legal guarantees,cross-departmental coordination and information sharing,intelligent monitoring and precise needs assessment,infrastructure and cultural construction,and catastrophe relief and insurance.
作者
许强
倪婷
敖仪斌
XU Qiang;NI Ting;AO Yibin(State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu 610059,China;College of Environment and Civil Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)
出处
《科技导报》
2025年第15期49-60,共12页
Science & Technology Review
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(24&ZD164)。
关键词
巨灾
灾后恢复重建
历史经验
系统工程视角
major disaster
post-disaster restoration and reconstruction
historical experience
system engineering perspective
作者简介
许强,教授,研究方向为地质灾害评价预测与防治处理,电子信箱:xq@cdut.edu.cn;通信作者:倪婷,副教授,研究方向为灾害风险管理与系统韧性评估,电子信箱:niting17@cdut.edu.cn。
