摘要
为了系统评估含油气盆地深层卤水锂资源的勘探开发潜力,明确其对中国锂资源安全保障的战略意义,采用文献综述与案例分析相结合的方法,梳理了国内外典型含油气盆地(柴达木盆地、江汉盆地、四川盆地及美国Smackover地层等)的锂资源分布特征、成矿条件及开发实践,对比分析了吸附法、电化学法和膜分离法等主流提锂技术的经济性与适用性。研究结果表明:①全球含油气盆地深层卤水锂资源潜力巨大,中国柴达木盆地、江汉盆地、四川盆地锂含量分别为81.0~237.0 mg/L、7.7~182.0mg/L和10.5~323.0mg/L,3个盆地合计锂资源量超1×107t,但采出程度不足5%;②高镁锂含量比(大于10)、卤水成分复杂以及深层开采技术瓶颈是目前制约中国锂资源开发的关键因素,而国际先进技术(如美国LiSTR电渗析)已实现商业化应用,锂回收率达97.5%;③“吸附-膜”耦合工艺在江汉盆地试验,锂回收率为75%,碳酸锂纯度达99.8%,但综合成本比国际水平高83%。结论认为,含油气盆地深层卤水锂资源是中国实现锂资源自主可控的重要突破口,需通过“地质-工程-技术”一体化攻关,完善矿权政策,推动多矿种协同开发,并借鉴国际经验加速技术迭代,以构建低碳高效的锂资源供应链。
To systematically evaluate the exploration potential of deep brine lithium resources in petroleum basins and their strategic significance for lithium supply security in China,this paper adopts a combined approach of literature review and case studies to analyze the distribution characteristics,metallogenic conditions,and development practices of lithium resources in typical domestic and international petroleum basins(e.g.,Qaidam Basin,Jianghan Basin,Sichuan Basin,and the U.S.Smackover Formation).The economic feasibility and applicability of mainstream lithium extraction technologies(e.g.,adsorption,electrochemical,and membrane separation methods)are comparatively assessed.Key findings include:(1)Global deep brine lithium resources in petroleum basins exhibit substantial potential,with lithium concentrations of Qaidam,Jianghan,and Sichuan Basins in China reaching 81.0-237.0 mg/L,7.7-182.0 mg/L,and 10.5-323.0 mg/L,respectively,and total resources exceeding 10 million tonnes,yet the exploitation rate remains below 5%;(2)High Mg/Li ratios(>10),complex brine compositions,and deep extraction challenges are major constraints domestically,while advanced international technologies(e.g.,U.S.LiSTR electrodialysis)have achieved commercial-scale operations with 97.5%lithium recovery;(3)Adsorption-membrane hybrid process achieved 75%lithium recovery and 99.8%purity in Jianghan Basin pilot tests,but costs remain 83%higher than global benchmarks.The study concludes that deep brine lithium resources in petroleum basins are critical to achieving lithium self-sufficiency in China,requiring integrated geological-engineering-technological innovations,optimized mineral rights policies,multi-mineral synergistic development,and accelerated technology transfer from international best practices to establish a low-carbon and efficient lithium supply chain.
作者
黄华
易晶晶
刘泽瑞
HUANG Hua;YI Jingjing;LIU Zerui(Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield Branch,Gas Production Plant No.1,Chongqing 404100,China;Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield Branch,Exploration and Development Research Institute,Qianjiang,Hubei 433124,China;College of Resources,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan,Hubei 430223,China)
出处
《世界石油工业》
2025年第4期102-114,共13页
World Petroleum Industry
基金
中国石油化工集团有限公司科技部研究项目“江汉探区锂资源评价及目标优选”(P24047)。
关键词
深层卤水锂资源
勘探开发
锂回收率
提锂技术
资源安全
含油气盆地
Deep brine lithium resources
lithium recovery rate
exploration and development
lithium extraction technology
resource security
hydrocarbon basin
作者简介
第一作者:黄华(1982-),男,正高级工程师,从事油气与新能源综合研究工作。E-mail:876813589@qq.com;通信作者:易晶晶(1986-),女,副研究员,从事油气与新能源评价利用方面的研究工作。E-mail:357994580@qq.com。
