摘要
推进黄河下游绿色生态走廊建设是黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的重要内容,解析黄河流域河南段生态系统格局演变特征及其驱动因素,能够为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供决策参考。研究基于土地利用/覆盖、社会经济和自然因子数据,运用生态系统变化率、转移矩阵、景观指数和随机森林模型,解析了1980—2020年黄河流域河南段各生态系统类型格局变化特征及其驱动因子。结果显示:(1)黄河流域河南段形成了以农田为优势(54.98%)、林地为主要类型(22.56%),兼有小比例的草地(10.36%)、聚落(8.58%)、水域(3.36%)、荒漠裸地(0.16%)生态系统的基本格局;(2)在1980—2020年,除聚落生态系统外,草地、农田、水域、荒漠裸地、林地等生态系统面积均呈现不同程度的下降趋势;(3)2000年后的生态系统间转化频繁,主要表现为由农田向聚落、林地和水域转化;(4)近40 a,生态系统格局呈现出连通性、聚集性减弱,破碎化、多样性增加的演变特征;(5)人口、GDP等人为因子和高程、降水等自然因子是影响格局演变的主要驱动力,2000年后人为因子对格局变化的驱动作用增强。研究表明,在人口、经济和自然因子的共同作用下,黄河流域河南段生态系统格局发生显著变化,聚落生态系统面积持续增加,景观破碎化程度逐渐增强。
To analyze the characteristics of ecosystem pattern evolution and its driving factors in the Henan section of the Yellow River basin,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework.This framework integrates land-use change rate,transfer matrix,landscape index,and random forest model,using the Henan Section of the Yellow River basin as a case study from 1980 to 2020.Firstly,the land-use change rate,which reflects the rate and magnitude of ecological alterations,is combined with a transfer matrix that indicates transitions between land uses over time.This approach allows for a comprehensive analysis of the magnitude and direction of ecosystem changes.Secondly,landscape pattern indices—such as patch density,maximum patch index,and fractal dimension—are constructed to reveal the aggregation,fragmentation,complexity,and diversity of the landscape.These indices facilitate a quantitative assessment of the spatial configuration and heterogeneity of the landscape.Thirdly,a random forest model is employed to identify the driving factors,including socio-economic and natural influences.The results indicate that:(1)the ecosystem pattern in the Henan section of the Yellow River basin is predominantly composed of cultivated land(54.98%)and woodland(22.56%),with smaller proportions of grassland(10.36%),construction land(8.58%),water area(3.36%),and unused land(0.16%).(2)From 1980 to 2020,all areas except for construction land exhibited a decreasing trend,including grassland,cultivated land,water area,unused land,and woodland in the Henan section of the Yellow River basin.(3)Frequent land use conversions in the Henan section of the Yellow River basin primarily occurred after 2000.Cultivated land was predominantly converted into construction land,woodland,and water areas.The increase in construction land largely stemmed from the conversion of cultivated land and grassland.(4)Between 1980 and 2020,the connectivity and aggregation of ecosystem patches in the Henan section of the Yellow River basin have weakened,while fragmentation,diversity,and complexity have increased.(5)Human factors,including population and GDP,along with natural factors such as elevation and precipitation,serve as the primary driving forces behind pattern evolution.After 2000,the influence of human factors on these pattern changes has increased.Under the combined effects of population growth,economic development,and natural factors,the ecosystem pattern in the Henan section of the Yellow River basin has undergone significant transformations.Notably,the area of construction land continues to expand,while landscape fragmentation intensifies gradually.
作者
贾佳
张展硕
江恩慧
田世民
常静怡
夏梦
王弯弯
赵凌栋
JIA Jia;ZHANG Zhanshuo;JIANG Enhui;TIAN Shimin;CHANG Jingyi;XIA Meng;WANG Wanwan;ZHAO Lingdong(Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of Yellow River Basin,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期2835-2845,共11页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200400)
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42207527)
黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2022-04)。
关键词
环境学
河南段
黄河流域
景观格局指数
斑块级土地利用变化模拟模型
environmentalology
Henan section
Yellow River basin
landscape pattern index
patch-generating land use simulation model
作者简介
贾佳,高级工程师,博士,从事流域生态保护与修复研究,jiajiast@126.com;通信作者:田世民,正高级工程师,从事流域系统科学研究,tsm1981@163.com。
