摘要
生态环境法典编纂背景下,明确“环境污染”的概念尤为关键。当前污染防治立法门类虽全但概念分散,学术研究定义多元但专门探讨有限,“环境污染”概念界定面临环境范畴界定不明、术语关系错综复杂、属概念选择模糊三大挑战。环境立法实践应以“属+种差”定义法为路径,辅以语法学、逻辑学理论,从而厘清“环境污染”与相关术语的界限,构建具有中国特色的生态环境法典概念框架。“环境”应涵盖自然环境中的无机环境及社会环境中的物理社会环境(建筑物);“污染环境”与“环境污染”互为充要,其定义模式涉及立法技术考量;法典中“环境污染”与“污染”可相互指代“;有害影响”作为“环境污染”的属概念优于“现象”与“损害”。据此,建议将“环境污染”定义为:“在生产和生活中直接或间接向水、空气、土壤或建筑物排放超过环境自净能力的物质或能量,由此造成或可能造成有害影响,其性质足以降低环境质量、危害公众健康、破坏生态环境。”
Clarifying the concept of"environmental pollution"is crucial to the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code.Although the current pollution prevention andcontrol legislationis comprehensive in categories,its concepts arescattered,and its academic research definitions are diverse but limited in specific exploration.There are three major challenges to the definition of the concept of"environmental pollution":unclear definition of environmental categories,complex terminology relationships,and ambiguous selection of genus concepts.Environmental legislation practices should take the"genus+species difference"definition method as the path,supplemented by grammar and logic theories,soas to clarify the boundaries between"environmental pollution"and related terms,and constructa conceptual framework ofecological environment code with Chinese characteristics."Environment"should cover the inorganic environment in the natural environment and the physical and social environment buildings in the social environment.The definitions of"polluting the environment"and"environmental pollution"are interdependent and mutually exclusive,and their definition models involve legislative technical considerations.The terms"environmental pollution"and"pollution"in the EcologicalEnvironmentCode can be used interchangeably.The concept of"harmful effects"as a subordinate concept of"environmental pollution"is superior to"phenomena"and"damage".Based on the legislative spirit and requirements of the Ecological Environment Code,this paper defines"environmental pollution"as"the direct or indirect discharge of substances or energy into water,air,soil,or buildings during production and daily life,which exceeds the environmental self-purification capacity and causes or may cause harmful effects.The nature of such pollution is sufficient to reduce environmental quality,endanger public health,and damage the ecological environment."
作者
黄锡生
冯春阳
Huang Xisheng;Feng Chunyang
出处
《理论月刊》
北大核心
2025年第6期119-128,159,共11页
Theory Monthly
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“生态文明视野下自然资源资产产权法律制度研究”(21ZDA091)
2024年度中央高校基本科研业务费项目“生命共同体理念下自然资源一体化治理研究(第二阶段)”(2024CDJSKPT06)。
关键词
生态环境法典
环境污染
法律概念
Ecological Environment Code
Environmental Pollution
Legal Concept
作者简介
黄锡生,重庆大学法学院教授、博士生导师;冯春阳,重庆大学法学院博士研究生。
