摘要
股东会决议的性质争议集中于“意思形成说”(以公司独立性为视角)与“法律行为说”(以股东意思结合为视角)的对立,二者均因囿于个人法思维而难以解释团体意思形成的特殊性。根据现象学方法,股东会决议的本质属性为合议行为:其一,合议行为以合议机构、合议程序与合议意志为要素,契合《民法典》第134条第2款的规范构造,该条款可为其提供教义学基础;其二,合议行为遵循审慎决策原则,违反该原则不仅导致股东会决议无效,亦为控股股东信义义务注入实质判断标准;其三,合议行为理论可覆盖规范性决议、组织性决议和行政性决议等类型,弥补传统学说对决议类型化不足的缺陷,相比于“意思形成说”和“法律行为说”更具周延性。
The controversy surrounding the nature of shareholdersmeeting resolutions is centred on the dichotomy between the intent formation theory from the perspective of corporate independence and the legal act theory from the perspective of the combination of shareholdersmeanings.The crux of the issue is that both of these theories have difficulty explaining the specificity of the formation of a group's intention due to the confinement to the personal law mindset.The shareholdersmeetingresolution is regarded as a collegial act from a phenomenological approach.Firstly,the collegial act is based on the collegial organ,the collegial procedure and the collegial intention,which conforms to the normative structure of Article 134(2)of the Civil Code,which can provide a doctrinal basis for the shareholdersmeetingresolution.Secondly,the collegial act follows the principle of prudent decision⁃making,the violation of which not only leads to the invalidation of the shareholdersmeeting resolution,but also introduces substantive judgement standards for the controlling shareholdersfiduciary obligation.Thirdly,the theory of collegial act can cover the types of normative resolution,organisational resolution and administrative resolution,thereby addressing the inadequacy of traditional doctrines in categorizing resolution types.Compared to the intent formation theory and the juridical act theory,it demonstrates greater logical exhaustiveness.
作者
杜昌恩
DU Chang-en(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei 430073,China)
出处
《时代法学》
2025年第2期76-86,共11页
Presentday Law Science
关键词
股东会决议
团体法
合议行为
意思形成说
法律行为说
ShareholdersMeeting Resolution
Group Law
Collegial Act
Intent Formation Theory
Juridical Act Theory
作者简介
杜昌恩,中南财经政法大学法学院博士生,意大利罗马第一大学联合培养博士,主要研究方向:民商法。
