摘要
根及根茎类中药材在长期的栽培中出现了种质退化,严重制约了产业高质量发展,因此,亟须通过品种选育解决种质退化的问题。该文以前人所发表研究论文、专著、新闻报道等为基础,对2020年版《中国药典》根及根茎类药材的数量及基原、繁殖方式和新品种选育等方面研究进展进行归纳、整理和分析,结果发现,2020年版《中国药典》共收录169种根及根茎类药材,来源于223个基原,主要集中在3种繁殖方式(种子繁殖、营养繁殖、组织培养),其中,种子繁殖的有215个,营养繁殖的有177个,组织培养繁殖的有164个。到目前为止,有62个基原采用系统选育、杂交育种、诱变育种、倍性育种或现代生物技术等方法培育出新品种,其中,57个基原采用系统选育法培育145个新品种,10个基原采用杂交育种法培育43个新品种、7个基原采用诱变育种培育12个新品种等,其特征以提高产量、抗病性、有效成分含量等方面为主,仅有少数新品种大面积推广应用。该综述旨在为根及根茎类中药材品种选育、品质育种、规范化种植等提供有益参考。
Germplasm degeneration occurs during the long-term cultivation of root-and rhizome-derived traditional Chinese medicine(RR-TCM),which seriously restricts the high-quality development of their industry.Therefore,it is urgent to solve the problem of germplasm degeneration through variety breeding.In this paper,based on previously published research articles,monographs,and news reports,the research progresses on the number and origins,breeding methods,and selection of new varieties of RR-TCM listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Edition 2020)were summarized and analyzed.The results show that there are 169 kinds of RR-TCM listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Edition 2020),originated from 223 origins with three breeding methods(i.e.,seed propagation,vegetative reproduction,and tissue culture),and there are 215 species derived from seed propagation,177 species derived from vegetative reproduction,and 164 species derived from tissue culture.To date,there are 62 origins breeding new varieties through conventional breeding,cross breeding,mutation breeding,ploidy breeding,or modern biotechnology breeding methods,including 57 origins breeding 145 new varieties through conventional breeding,10 origins breeding 43 new varieties through mutation breeding,and seven origins breeding 12 new varieties through cross breeding method.They are used mainly to improve yield,disease resistance,and active ingredient content,but only a few new varieties have been widely used.This review will provide useful references in variety breeding,quality breeding,and standardized planting of RR-TCM.
作者
陈燕
董妙音
曹占凤
刘学周
栗孟飞
魏建和
CHEN Yan;DONG Miao-yin;CAO Zhan-feng;LIU Xue-zhou;LI Meng-fei;WEI Jian-he(State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Station of Industrial Crop Promotion of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730030,China;Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《中国中药杂志》
2025年第2期363-383,共21页
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3501500)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21)
国家自然科学基金项目(32160083,03123053)
甘肃省科技厅重点研发计划项目(22YF7NA111)
甘肃省科技支撑项目(KJZC-2023-11)
农业全程机械化科研基地建设项目(2109-000000-20-01-199092)。
关键词
根及根茎类中药材
繁殖方式
品种选育
常规育种
应用
root-and rhizome-derived TCM
breeding method
variety breeding
conventional breeding
application
作者简介
陈燕,硕士研究生,主要从事药用植物生物学研究,E-mail:chenyan042720@163.com;通信作者:栗孟飞,博士,教授,主要从事药用植物资源与利用研究,E-mail:lmf@gsau.edu.cn;通信作者:魏建和,博士,教授,主要从事药用植物栽培、分子育种和次生代谢产物调控研究,E-mail:jhwei@implad.ac.cn。
