摘要
近年来新冠等多种病毒在全球范围内暴发流行,进一步加深了人们对病毒性传染病的担忧.除了不同病毒引起的主要疾病外,人们还担忧一个共性问题:病毒对男性生殖系统(male reproductive system,MRS)的易感性,及其损害男性生殖与性传播风险.MRS为了保护生殖细胞不受免疫系统的攻击,建立了免疫豁免环境.睾丸是典型的免疫豁免器官,附睾也具有免疫豁免特性.然而免疫豁免环境也可成为微生物逃避免疫监视的庇护所,特别是多种病毒容易感染MRS,并逃避免疫系统的清除.病毒在睾丸中可以长期存在,也可以感染其他男性生殖器官,主要包括附睾、精囊和前列腺等.为了抵抗入侵的病毒,这些器官建立了独特的天然抗病毒机制.尽管如此,一些病毒仍可以诱发MRS炎症,影响男性生殖健康.此外,感染MRS的病毒还可能脱落到精液中,从而发生性传播.MRS的免疫环境、病毒感染机制、组织特异性的天然抗病毒反应以及性传播风险,是人们长期关注的重要研究领域.本文将综述该领域的研究进展,提出有待研究的主要方向,为相关领域的研究者提供参考.
Viral infectious diseases are receiving increasing attention owing to the COVID-19 pandemic and various other recently emerging viral outbreaks.Viral tropism for the male reproductive system(MRS)and impairment of male fertility,as well as sexual transmission of viruses,are among great concerns during viral outbreaks.The MRS adopts an immune-privileged environment to protect male germ cells from adverse autoimmune response.The testis is a typical immune-privileged organ,and the epididymis also enjoys immune-privileged properties.However,the immune-privileged environments of the MRS can be also hijacked by microbial pathogens as sanctuaries to escape immune surveillance.A large spectrum of viruses exhibit tropism for the testis,while other major organs of the MRS,including the epididymis,seminal vesicle,and prostate,can also be infected by viruses.To overcome the immune privilege and mount an effective local defense against invading viruses,the MRS adopts specific innate antiviral mechanisms.However,several viruses may induce inflammatory conditions in the MRS and impair male fertility.Moreover,the viruses in the MRS can shed to the semen,leading to sexual transmission.The immune environment,viral infection,and local antiviral defense in the MRS,as well as sexual transmission of viruses,are important topics.In this article,we review recent achievements relating to these topics and outline priority issues for future studies.
作者
张静
王菲
王宇
韩代书
ZHANG Jing;WANG Fei;WANG Yu;HAN DaiShu(Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,School of Basic Medicine,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100005,China)
出处
《中国科学:生命科学》
2025年第1期45-66,共22页
Scientia Sinica(Vitae)
基金
中国医学科学院创新基金(批准号:2022-I2M-1-012)
国家自然科学基金(批准号:82071633)资助。
关键词
病毒
男性生殖系统
免疫豁免
天然抗病毒反应
性传播
virus
male reproductive system
immune privilege
innate antiviral response
sexual transmission
作者简介
联系人:韩代书,E-mail:dshan@ibms.pumc.edu.cn。
