摘要
20世纪前期德国地缘政治学代表人物卡尔·豪斯浩弗在他的《太平洋地缘政治学》一书中提出了他的印太战略并由此展现出了他的国际秩序观。豪斯浩弗印太战略的目的就是为“一战”后的德国寻找到一种新的生存空间,即他创立的印太战略就是在整合印度洋和太平洋的基础上为德国向海外扩张奠定理论基础。豪斯浩弗印太战略的核心,是要求德国通过整合“欧亚之陆”和“印太之海”,从而来推动欧亚跨内地集团与印太季风国家联合向“欧亚—印太联盟”演化,以最终形成一个能够抵消盎格鲁-撒克逊民族(英国和美国)主导性地位的国际格局。作为一种大战略思想形态,豪斯浩弗的印太战略虽然有其自身价值,但同时也深深体现出德国地缘政治学固有的地理决定论倾向和强权政治色彩,这种倾向也使得豪斯浩弗误解了盎格鲁-撒克逊民族海洋主导性地位的本质,这也是后世的决策者和研究者必须时时加以警惕的教训。
This paper purports to examine and scrutinize‘the Indo⁃Pacific strategy’and the conception of international order embodied in Karl Haushofer's Geo⁃politik of the Pacific Ocean.The author argues that Haushofer's Indo⁃Pacific strategy was proposed to seek broader Lebensraum(living space)for Germany in the aftermath of World War I.If accepted,this strategy,based on the geographical and cultural homoge⁃nization of the Indian Ocean region and the Pacific Ocean region,would lay a solid foundation for Germany's pursuit of a broader Lebensraum in the future.The author con⁃tends that the keynote of Haushofer's Indo⁃Pacific Strategy lies with its demand for Ger⁃many to consciously integrate the Eurasian Continent and the Indo⁃Pacific Oceans in po⁃litical,economic and strategic terms,thereby transforming the league of Indo⁃Pacific states into the Grand League between the Eurasian states and Indo⁃Pacific states.This grand league,if fulfilled,could offset,even roll back,the international power configu⁃ration favorable to the two Anglo⁃Saxon states(UK and USA).The author indicates that Haushofer's Indo⁃Pacific strategy,albeit valuable to a certain extent,was gravely distorted by his geographical determinism which is the most important characteristic of German Geopolitik.This distortion also led to Haushofer's misunderstanding of the es⁃sence of the Anglo⁃Saxon hegemony.This lesson should be constantly kept in mind by those contemporary politicians,analysts and academics who are trying to rejuvenate in one way or another the doctrines of Haushofer's Indo⁃Pacific strategy.
作者
丁宇航
Ding Yuhang(School of International Studies,Renmin University of China)
出处
《世界政治研究》
2022年第4期131-156,159-160,共28页
World Politics Studies
作者简介
丁宇航,中国人民大学国际关系学院博士研究生。
