股权让与担保区分论被引量：4

On the Distinction in Equity Transfer Guarantee

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摘要股权让与担保涉及相互关联的债权债务法律关系、股权转让法律关系和股权担保法律关系,包含股权转让的意思表示和股权担保的意思表示。以债权届期且债务人不履行债务的时点为分界点,股权让与担保的过程可被分为担保信托和股权变价两个阶段。在担保信托阶段,法律意义上和经济意义上的股权权属发生分离。在法律意义上,股权所有权发生转移,债权人成为股东,享有股东权利义务;在经济意义上,股权仍然归属于债务人/担保人,不能成为债权人的责任财产。债务人/担保人和债权人可以在股权让与担保合同中对股东权利的行使作出约定,但该约定仅在当事人间有效,不能延伸至公司内部。债权届期而债务人不履行债务,债权人有权利且有义务处分已变更至其名下的股权,并将优先清偿其债权后的剩余款项返还给债务人/担保人。在股权让与担保中应坚持区分原则,在合同法、公司法和物权法的适用中分清法域界限,区分法律关系,从而实现股权让与担保所涉各相关主体之间的利益平衡。 Equity transfer guarantee involves related debtor-creditor relationship,equity transfer and equity guarantee,including the declaration of will of equity transfer and equity guarantee.Taking the time when the creditor’s right expires and the debtor fails to perform the debt as the cut-off point,the process of equity transfer guarantee can be divided into two stages:guarantee fiducia and equity sale.In the stage of guarantee fiducia,the ownership of equity in legal sense and economic sense is separated.In the legal sense,the equity ownership is transferred,and the creditor becomes the shareholder and enjoys the shareholder’s rights.In the economic sense,the equity still belongs to the debtor/guarantor and cannot become the liability property of the creditor.The debtor/guarantor and creditor can make an agreement on the exercise of shareholders’rights in the equity transfer guarantee contract,but the agreement is only valid between the parties and cannot be extended to the company.If the debtor fails to perform the debt within the expiration of the creditor’s right,the creditor has the right and obligation to dispose the equity in his name and return the remaining funds after priority payment of its creditor’s right to the debtor/guarantor.Only by adhering to the principle of distinction in the equity transfer guarantee,we can distinguish the legal boundaries in the application of contract law,company law and property law in order to achieve the balance of interests among the relevant subjects involved in the equity transfer guarantee.

作者胡晓静 HU Xiao-jing(School of Law,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区吉林大学法学院

出处《学习与探索》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第8期85-96,188,共13页 Study & Exploration

关键词股权让与担保股权转让股权担保区分原则 Equity Transfer Guarantee Equity Transfer Equity Guarantee the Principle of Distinction

分类号 D923 [政治法律—民商法学]

作者简介胡晓静,吉林大学法学院教授,法学博士。