摘要
数字技术催生了数字经济并促进其以较快的速度发展,开辟了继农业经济、工业经济之后新的经济形态。虽然数字经济处于发展的初期阶段,但充分显示了不同于工业经济发展阶段的特点和趋势。数字经济发展的基本条件也是数字经济独有的主要特征:一是生产过程中数据成为不可或缺的生产要素,二是数字化基础设施,三是与数字经济发展相适应的制度环境,四是国民数字素质。本文在对上述四个基本条件深入分析后,结合数字经济发展对传统产业经济理论的挑战,提出数字经济条件下产业发展的四个趋势:一是数字技术主导的产业升级,数字产业化和产业数字化构成数字经济的两大组成部分,传统的技术创新一般仅推动与技术相关产业的兴起,数字技术主导的经济在形成数字产业这一新兴产业外,还通过数字要素渗透促进产业数字化转型,产业数字化转型程度代表产业升级的方向。二是融合式发展,包括不同产业的融合、产品的融合和市场的融合。结合融合式发展和产业数字化转型,本文认为欧美国家制造业回归和全球制造业占比上升的本质是数字技术对制造业附加值的影响。三是平台型企业处于重要地位,对产业资源配置和优化具有重要影响,但是平台型企业反垄断也是数字经济发展面临的一个难点。四是拥有前置性的生态环境约束,基于发达国家先污染后治理的经验形成的治理理论,无法用于指导温室气体减排,数字经济的高耗能特性决定了数字经济发展必须与绿色化协同推进。最后,针对影响中国数字经济发展的主要问题和障碍,提出政策启示。
Digital technology gave birth to the digital economy and developed at a relatively fast speed,opening up a new economic form following the agricultural economy and the industrial economy.Although the digital economy is in the initial stage of development,it fully shows the characteristics and trends different from the development stage of the industrial economy. The basic conditions for the development of the digital economy are also the main characteristics unique to the digital economy:first,data which have become an indispensable factor of production in the production process;second,digital infrastructure;third,the institutional environment suitable for the development of the digital economy;and fourth,national digital quality. After in-depth analysis and discussion of the above four basic elements,combined with the challenge of digital economy development to the traditional industrial economic theory,this paper proposes four trends of industrial development under the condition of the digital economy. The first one is industrial upgrading led by digital technology. Digital industrialization and industrial digitalization constitute two major components of the digital economy. Traditional technological innovation generally only drives the rise of technology-related industries. In addition to forming the emerging digital industry,the economy dominated by digital technology also promotes the industrial digital transformation through the penetration of digital elements. The degree of industrial digital transformation represents the direction of industrial upgrading. The second one is integrated development,which includes the integration of different industries,products,and markets. Combined with integrated development and industrial digital transformation,this paper points out that the essence of the return of manufacturing industry in Europe and the United States and the rise in the proportion of global manufacturing industry is the impact of digital technology on the added value of manufacturing industry. The third one is that platform enterprises play an important role in the allocation and optimization of industrial resources. However, the anti-monopoly of platform enterprises is also a difficulty in the digital economy. The fourth one is to have a prepositional ecological environment constraint. The governance theory formed on the basis of the experience of developed countries in governance after pollution cannot be used to guide greenhouse gas emission reduction. The high energy consumption characteristics of the digital economy determine that the development of the digital economy must be promoted in coordination with green development.This paper provides some policy suggestions. The govrnment should promote the coordinated development of industrial infrastructure capacity building and digital economy innovation. Efforts should be made to solve the digital development gap between large,medium-sized,and small enterprises and industries. It is necessary to break down the digital barriers and give full play to the scale effect,integration effect and efficiency effect of the digital economy. It is needed to adapt to the relaxation of industry regulation,improve market regulation,and promote the development of industrial integration.The govrnment should accelerate energy transformation and provide green power for digital development.
作者
史丹
SHI Dan(Institute of Industrial Economics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第11期26-42,共17页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“推进新型工业化与经济体系优化升级研究”(批准号21ZDA021)。
关键词
数字经济
产业结构
融合发展
绿色发展
digital economy
industrial structure
integrated development
green development
作者简介
史丹,中国社会科学院工业经济研究所研究员,博士生导师,管理学博士。电子邮箱:shidan01@163.com。
