摘要
综合采用文献资料、逻辑分析、对比分析等研究方法,对德国竞技体育后备人才培养特征进行分析,旨在为我国竞技体育后备人才培养提供参考。研究认为,德国形成了从中小学到各级俱乐部、精英体育学校再到顶级俱乐部或奥林匹克训练基地的三级体育后备人才培养模式,高度的体教融合和多元化培养机制保障了德国竞技体育可持续发展。我国竞技体育发展面临体育后备人才不足的现实问题,体现在体育后备人才培养存在运动训练与文化教育失衡的学训矛盾;培养模式不合理导致运动训练出现“早期专项化”现象;体育运动学校培养能力减弱,体校数量不断下滑,体育系统主导下的后备人才培养模式单一。研究提出,深化体教融合,提高运动员的综合素质;重视青少年运动员早期的培养和后备保障工作,坚持“以人为本”的培养观念;加大社会组织对于竞技体育后备人才培养的参与度,带动社会力量加入;打破竞技体育与群众体育之间的资源壁垒,加速竞技体育与群众体育相互促进;优化竞技体育项目结构,促进竞技体育协调发展;加大科技在后备人才培养中的比重,促进体育后备人才培养的科学化。
This paper analyzes the training mode of competitive sports reserve talents in Germany,in order to provide reference for the training of competitive sports reserve talents in China.Using the research methods of literature and logical analysis,.The research shows that the training mode of competitive sports in Germany is mainly a three-level competitive sports training mode from primary and secondary schools to clubs at all levels,elite sports schools,and then to top clubs or Olympic training bases.The development of competitive sports in China is facing the realistic problem of the shortage of sports reserve talents,which is reflected in the imbalance between sports training and cultural education;The unreasonable training mode leads to the phenomenon of"early specialization"in sports training;The training ability of sports schools is weakened,the number of sports schools is declining,and the training mode of reserve talents under the guidance of sports system is single.It is proposed to deepen the integration of sports and education and improve the comprehensive quality of athletes;Pay attention to the early training and reserve support of young athletes,and adhere to the training concept of"people-oriented";Increase the participation of social organizations in the training of competitive sports reserve talents and drive social forces to join;Break the resource barrier between competitive sports and mass sports and accelerate the mutual promotion between competitive sports and mass sports;Optimize the structure of competitive sports and promote the coordinated development of competitive sports;Increase the proportion of science and technology in the cultivation of reserve talents and promote the scientific cultivation of sports reserve talents.
作者
姜恺健
彭国强
JIANG Kai-jian;PENG Guo-qiang(Graduate Department,Nanjing Sports Institute,Nanjing 210014,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Sports and Health Project,Nanjing 210014,China)
出处
《吉林体育学院学报》
2022年第5期59-66,共8页
Journal of Jilin Sport University
基金
江苏省教育科学“十三五”规划2020年度重点课题(B-b/2020/01/32)
南京体育学院教改重点课题(JG202103)
2022年江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX22_2234)。
关键词
德国
竞技体育
青少年
体育后备人才
germany
competitive sports
teenagers
training of reserve talents
作者简介
姜恺健(1997-),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为体育教育与运动训练;通信作者:彭国强(1983-),男,教授,博士,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为竞技体育理论与实践。
