摘要
近年来中国对欧盟直接投资流量和存量持续攀升引起欧盟及其成员国对竞争力优势下降的忧虑。2019年《关于建立外商对欧盟直接投资审查框架的条例》是欧盟首次在欧盟层面制定的外资审查机制,强调对“安全或公共秩序”的审查,并建构起“东道国—欧盟委员会—其他成员国”三方合作的审查框架,标志着欧盟的外资政策发生实质转型。实践中,“安全或公共秩序”的审查标准极具张力,可能对流向敏感行业、含国有权益和受政府补贴的中国投资进入欧盟市场产生重大影响。对此,中国企业和中国政府应做好充分准备,从资本输出角度出发,应充分预判该条例及后续发展可能对中国企业在欧盟境内投资的排挤效应,及时调整短期及中长期投资战略、积极通过提升自身竞争力以消减不利影响,并在必要时予以反制;从吸收外国投资角度出发,中国应进一步平衡好外商投资的自由开放与监管安全,提升中国产业、规则和制度的竞争力,并积极参与新一代国际投资规则构塑进而提升中国话语权。
In recent years, the continuous growth of China’s outbound foreign direct investment in the EU has led to great concerns of EU and its member states about the decline of competitive advantages. The Regulation(EU) 2019/452 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the screening of foreign direct investments(FDI) into the EU(“Regulation”) is the first unified foreign investment screening mechanism established on the EU level, indicating that the EU’s foreign investment policy is getting more conservative than before. The Regulation focuses on “security or public order”, and has established a triparite cooperation system among “Host Member State-EU-Other Member States”. In practice, the “security or public order” criteria could be amplified by the EU Commission, with far-reaching implications especially for Chinese investment in sensitive industries, with state-owned interests or sponsored by Chinese government’s subsidies. In this regard, Chinese enterprises and the Chinese government should make long-term preparations. From the perspective of capital-exporting country, they shall strengthen the comprehensive understanding of the crowding-out effects due to the Regulation and the following development on Chinese investment in the EU, to adopt necessary adjustments on the short-erm, medium-term and long-term investment strategies to upgrade China’s industrial competitiveness to relieve the negative impacts, and China shall take essential anti-sanctions when it is necessary. From the perspective of capital-importing country, it’s necessary to better balance the freedom and openness of foreign investment with regulatory security, improve the competitiveness of China’s industry, rules and systems, and actively participate in the establishment of the new generation of international investment rules and enhance China’s discourse.
作者
梁咏
谢鑫雨
Liang Yong;Xie Xinyu
出处
《国际经济法学刊》
2022年第3期43-62,共20页
Journal of International Economic Law
基金
2020年度国家哲学社会科学后期资助项目“大数据时代信息安全保障机制研究”(20FFXB069)
2020年度上海市哲学社会科学一般项目“后疫情时代国际投资争端调解机制的中国创新研究”(2020BFX020)
复旦大学义乌研究院资助项目“民营企业‘一带一路’投资争端解决便利化研究”的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
竞争
欧盟外资审查机制
安全
公共秩序
Competitiveness
EU’s Foreign Investment Screening Mechanism
Security
Public Order
作者简介
梁咏,复旦大学法学院副教授,投资仲裁常设论坛副秘书长;谢鑫雨,复旦大学法学院2021级法律硕士研究生。
