摘要
磁场把太阳的各层大气耦合在一起,并主导着其中的各种物理过程,磁场的演化引发包括太阳爆发在内的活动现象,进而影响着地球的空间环境和人类的生存条件.要理解发生在太阳大气中的各种活动现象,离不开对其磁场的完整认知.然而目前对太阳高层大气尤其是日冕的磁场测量仍然严重缺失,这大大限制了人类对太阳活动的研究,制约了太阳物理和空间天气学科的发展.经过几十年的探索,人们提出了几种可能可用于日冕磁场诊断的方法,包括利用日冕红外谱线的偏振观测、借助射电波段的日冕辐射、通过日冕中各类波动的冕震学诊断以及利用日冕极紫外谱线的磁场诱导跃迁原理对日冕磁场进行测量等.同时,人们也根据这些方法尝试对日冕磁场进行了测量,取得了一些进展.本文总结了几种主要的日冕磁场测量方法的原理和重要进展,并对未来的相关研究做了展望.
Different solar atmospheric layers are connected by the magnetic field of the Sun,which is the primary source for various types of solar activity.The magnetic activity of the Sun has a significant impact on the solar-terrestrial environment and human life.Understanding the phenomena occurring in the solar atmosphere relies on a thorough understanding of the solar magnetic field.However,up to now,only the magnetic field at the photospheric level can be measured with precision on a daily basis.No routine measurements have been carried out for the magnetic field in the upper layers of the solar atmosphere,particularly the solar corona.The lack of coronal magnetic field measurements has limited our investigation of many important topics in solar physics research including the driving mechanism of solar eruptions and the heating process of corona.In the past several decades,a number of techniques that may be useful for coronal magnetic field diagnostics have been developed,such as the techniques based on infrared spectro-polarimetry of coronal lines,the diagnosis utilizing coronal radio observations,magneto-seismology using observations of coronal magnetohydrodynamics waves and the measurements based on the magnetic-field-induced transition of coronal extreme ultraviolet spectral lines.Meanwhile,a few at-tempts have been made to measure the coronal magnetic field based on these techniques.This review summarizes the physical principles and important progress of coronal magnetic field measurements,and discuss future perspec-tives on related research.
作者
杨子浩
田晖
李文显
张佳乐
白先勇
高宇航
陈亚杰
Yang Zihao;Tian Hui;Li Wenxian;Zhang Jiale;Bai Xianyong;Gao Yuhang;Chen Yajie(School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《地球与行星物理论评》
2022年第4期379-396,共18页
Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFA0718600)。
关键词
日冕
磁场
太阳大气
solar corona
magnetic field
solar atmosphere
作者简介
第一作者:杨子浩(1996-),男,博士研究生,主要从事日冕磁场测量和日冕光谱诊断方面的研究.E-mail:yangzihao96@pku.edu.cn;通信作者:田晖(1982-),男,教授,主要从事太阳活动与空间天气的研究.E-mail:huitian@pku.edu.cn;通信作者:李文显(1989-),女,研究员,主要从事太阳物理、原子结构计算方面的研究.E-mail:wxli@nao.cas.cn。
