摘要
随着疫情防控进入常态化阶段,社会粗放型管理向治理精细化转型成为提升社会治理水平的应然之举,而社会工作者以提供精细化服务的方式在其中发挥重要作用。本研究基于"技术—社会互构"理论范式,通过半结构访谈,深入探讨疫情中社会工作者受制于空间区隔,借助信息技术完成缺场服务的行动逻辑。研究发现,社会工作者在促进技术与社会互构中扮演中介角色:一方面赋予信息技术社会性内涵,另一方面实现信息技术在社会多元实践场域中的功能嵌入,从而重构社会治理精细化的研究框架。与此同时,新语境下的社会工作实践仍面临现实困境,健全服务规范,提升服务能力,发展人才队伍成为推进社会工作专业发展与社会治理转型的现实要求。
In the post-unit era,in order to solve social problems,the government coordinated the operation of society at a macro level and formed a management system that profoundly affected Chinese society for a period of time.However,in the face of increasingly complex and diverse social problems,the role of formal organizations is limited.In order to stimulate the participation of grassroots members of society,realize the integration of the main body under social anomie and reshape organic unity,social management gradually transformed to social governance.Under the background of governance modernization,it extends and expands to the refined social governance to enhance the professionalization of social governance and the level of intelligence.As the epidemic prevention and control enters the normalization stage,the transition from extensive social management to governance refining has become a necessary move to improve the level of social governance,and social workers play an important role in providing refined services.From the lockdown to the restart,the strict management and control of Wuhan during the epidemic gave birth to a new model of social services.Y social work organization in Wuhan first began to use information technology to provide services and creatively established a home anti-epidemic information service model.It is an innovative attempt by social workers to use information technology to participate in social governance refining.This research is based on the theoretical paradigm of"technology-society mutual construction",combined with the practice of social work service in Y social work organization,and deeply explores the action logic of social workers subject to spatial divisions during the epidemic,using information technology to complete absent field services.And service for the society is enlightening for professional development and social governance transformation.This study uses Y social work organization in Wuhan as the research area,through purposeful sampling,selects 15 workers from Y organization as the research objects.And conducts in-depth conversation with workers through semi-structured interviews to explore the logic of actions when social workers were restricted by the epidemic.In addition,this research explore how social workers with the help of information technology to complete absent services and promote the action logic of social governance refining.Governance refining involves two dimensions which are technology and social services.Technology refers to information technologies,such as telephone,broadcasting,and the Internet in modern society.While services involve multiple practice fields in society.In view of the existing research on the mutual construction of technology and society,the relationship and the neglect of the role played by the intermediary in the relationship between the two,this research introduces the"technology-society mutual construction"theoretical paradigm into the analysis.And emphasize social workers as practical intermediaries,relying on their professional ethics,professional value,and professional methods to provide service.The unique advantages of social worker service promote the dual interaction of"technology-society",thereby reconstructing the research framework of governance refining.As for the research results,research has found that social workers play an intermediary role in promoting the mutual construction of technology and society.On the one hand,it endows information technology with social connotation,and on the other hand,it realizes the functional embedding of information technology in the field of diverse social practices,thereby reconstructing research framework of social governance refining.In the field of social practice,information technology assists the government,social organizations,and community residents to resolve the dilemma of temporal and spatial separation in the epidemic.In the process,social workers promote the process of technological construction through resource linking,subject interaction and multiple cooperation,thus reshaping the power structure between governance subjects under special circumstances.The path of distribution and resource integration affects the transformation of urban social governance from extensive to refining.However,information technology is not just a technical means,but a joint construction of the social environment and practical intermediaries.Technology is embedded in the society and closely related to the social political system,economic development and the background of the times.The construction of technology by society in this study involves the three dimensions of epidemic prevention and control,technological development and institutional transformation.In the mutual construction of technology and society,the users of technology play an intermediary role in promoting the interaction between technology and society.In this research,social workers actively applied technology,provided professional services,achieved innovation in social work practice and promoted refined application of technology.At the same time,social workers actively respond to changes in the social environment,constructed subjective action logic under the constraints of the social institutional environment and practical background,and promoted the construction of technology by society.The technical governance of social workers reflects the isomorphism of social governance in aspects,such as avoiding and preventing social risks,promoting multiple participation,and guiding technical rationality with professional values.The development of information technology flattens service provision and provides a platform for cross-professional,cross-field,and cross-regional workers to participate in.Social workers pay attention to the expressions of the vulnerable groups,and through the redistribution of benefits,the needs of the service objects are met.And the goal of helping others to help themselves is finally realized.Finally,social workers emphasize both process goals and result goals,resolve problems in the process,and lead service interventions with professional values.However,social work practice in the new context still faces the real dilemma of unclear working time boundaries,difficulty in guaranteeing service effects,blurred boundaries of informed consent and weak information teams development.In the post-epidemic era,improving the service standards of social workers,enhancing the service capabilities of social workers,improving the professional codes in the field of social work information services and developing a talent team have become practical requirements for promoting the professional development of social work and the transformation of social governance.
作者
顾永红
王珺楠
GU Yonghong;WANG Junnan
出处
《社会工作》
2021年第5期63-73,106,107,共13页
Journal of Social Work
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“贫困人口内生动力培育的社会工作介入模式研究”(18YJA840002)。
作者简介
顾永红,华中师范大学社会学院副教授。
