摘要
《中庸》的君子概念是儒家思想的核心。本文发现,理解君子概念需要对“诚”有深刻的认识。“诚”作为一种直接面对自己的情感倾向是人的生存的原始情感。深入分析这种原始情感,我们接触到其中存在着两种“善”,其一是“本性之善”,直接呈现于诚中;其一是“善观念”,作为对本性之善的把握而具有观念性的形式。本性之善也就是“天命之性”,是原始的生存本身,因而是纯善的。善观念则是派生的,并在修身养性过程中不断完善。这两种“善”的区别是我们解读君子概念的关键。然而,这两种“善”之间的区别十分微妙,其中分寸不易把握,从而导致了人们在实际生活中常常用善观念取替本性之善,导致君子困境。本文认为,君子困境的根本原因在于小人意识缺场。基督教的罪人意识深刻地表达了小人意识,引入罪人意识有助于摆脱君子困境。
The concept of Junzi as conceived in the Zhongyong is one of the key concepts of Confucianism.To understand this concept is to feel the disposition of Cheng at a deeper level.The disposition of Cheng is a primary feeling in one's existence in which one is in a direct relation with oneself.With a deep analysis into this primary feeling,we may perceive two kinds of good to be distinguished.The first one may be called the natural good,which is present in the disposition of Cheng;and the other the conception of good,which presents the natu-ral good in form of notion.The natural good is simply the human nature endowed by the Heaven;being with human existence from the very beginning to the end,it is therefore the absolute good in purity.The conception of good is secondary;being a notional form to frame the natural good,it is in a process of improvement in self-cultivation.This paper attempts to distinct these two kinds of good to provide a background on which a delineation of J unzi may be developed.Howev-er,the distinction between these two kinds of good is very subtle.People may occasionally confuse with them to see them as the same thing.Consequently,in their actual life,though engaging in cultivating themselves consciously and seriously,they treat their notions of good as the natural good and unconsciously slide into an existence opposite to that of Junzi,I namely,Xiaoren.We may call it the im passe of Junzi,which has been somehow ignored in the history of Confucianism.For a solution,the paper considers that the guilty consciousness in Christian-ity may help Confucian understand the failure to be a Junzi as trapped in this impasse.of Junzi,so that they may overcome it to maintain their self-cultivation.
出处
《哲学门》
CSSCI
2012年第2期285-307,共23页
Beida Journal of Philosophy
关键词
君子
诚
本性之善
善观念
罪人意识
Junxzi
disposition of Cheng
natural good
conception of good
guilty consciousness
作者简介
谢文郁,1956年生,山东大学犹太教与跨宗教研究中心教授。
