摘要
目的对中老年糖尿病居民营养状况及危险因素进行研究。方法采用多阶段随机抽样法选取2020年1—12月的中老年城乡居民700名,依据空腹血糖监测与口服糖耐量试验诊断糖尿病,利用中国营养与健康状况调查表对糖尿病患者健康营养状况进行评估,分析中老年城乡居民糖尿病发生情况,总结中老年糖尿病患者发病的危险因素。结果中老年城乡居民糖尿病发病率为10.71%,其中城市居民发生率为13.16%,乡镇居民发生率为7.81%,比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.189,P<0.05)。经单因素分析可知,食盐摄入过量、食用油摄入过量、肉摄入过量、脂肪摄入过量、钙摄入不足、运动量不足、家族史与糖尿病发病有关(P<0.05)。经多因素分析可知,食盐摄入过量、肉摄入过量、脂肪摄入过量、家族史与糖尿病发病有关(P<0.05)。中老年城乡居民营养素摄入主要源自碳水化合物、脂肪,占有比率分别为45.75%、41.15%;能量主要源自谷类、动物性食物、纯热性食物,占有比率分别为38.49%、22.22%、21.59%;脂肪主要源自动物性食物,占有比率为62.17%;蛋白质主要源自动物性食物,占有比率为42.03%。结论中老年城乡居民糖尿病发病率较高,多与膳食结构不合理有关,如脂肪、食盐摄入过量等。所以,应构建科学的营养评估体系,制定合理的膳食计划,以此有效预防糖尿病的发生。
Objective To study the nutritional status and risk factors of middle-aged and elderly diabetic residents.Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 700 middle-aged and elderly urban and rural residents from January to December 2020.Diabetes was diagnosed based on fasting blood glucose monitoring and oral glucose tolerance test.The Chinese Nutrition and Health Status Questionnaire was used to assess the health and nutritional status of diabetic patients,analyze the incidence of diabetes in middle-aged and elderly urban and rural residents,and summarize the risk factors for middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients.Results The incidence of diabetes among middle-aged and elderly urban and rural residents was 10.71%,of which the incidence of urban residents was 13.16%,and the incidence of rural residents was 7.81%.The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=5.189,P<0.05).Single factor analysis showed that excessive salt intake,excessive edible oil intake,excessive meat intake,excessive fat intake,insufficient calcium intake,insufficient exercise,and family history were related to the onset of diabetes(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that excessive salt intake,excessive meat intake,excessive fat intake,and family history are related to the onset of diabetes(P<0.05).The nutrient intake of middle-aged and elderly urban and rural residents mainly comes from carbohydrates and fats,accounting for 45.75%and 41.15%respectively;energy mainly comes from cereals,animal foods,and pure heat foods,accounting for 38.49%,22.22%and 21.59%;fat was mainly derived from animal food,accounting for 62.17%;protein was mainly derived from animal food,accounting for 42.03%.Conclusion The high incidence of diabetes among middle-aged and elderly urban and rural residents is mostly related to unreasonable dietary structure,such as excessive intake of fat and salt.Therefore,a scientific nutritional evaluation system should be constructed and a reasonable meal plan should be formulated to effectively prevent the occurrence of diabetes.
作者
张辉良
ZHANG Huiliang(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Quangang District,Quanzhou,Fujian Province,362108 China)
出处
《糖尿病新世界》
2021年第11期190-193,共4页
Diabetes New World Magazine
关键词
中老年
糖尿病
城市
乡镇
营养状况
危险因素
Middle-aged and elderly
Diabetes
Urban
Towns and villages
Nutritional status
Risk factors
作者简介
张辉良(1979-),男,本科,营养师,研究方向为营养与疾病。
