摘要
目的:调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)高峰期青少年心理韧性及其影响因素,为青少年心理健康教育与心理韧性建设工作提供实证依据和决策参考。方法:使用一般情况调查表、Achenbach青少年行为自评量表、应激评价量表、主观创伤应对量表、正性负性情绪量表、个人公平世界信念量表、主观社会支持量表和自评利他行为问卷在疫情高峰期对上海3所中学共1346名中学生进行网络问卷调查和统计分析。结果:(1)58.10%的青少年具有心理韧性,9.40%可能存在较严重的心理问题(焦虑/抑郁),32.50%可能存在中等程度的心理问题;(2)心理韧性组较焦虑/抑郁组的青少年受疫情影响程度主观评估更低(F=11.935,P<0.001)、表现出更多的积极情绪和更少的消极情绪(F积极=18.153,P<0.001;F消极=92.513,P<0.001)、更多的前行焦点应对和更少的创伤焦点应对(F前行焦点=11.770,P<0.001;F创伤焦点=17.557,P<0.001)、更倾向于疫情是可控的(F自控=4.744,P<0.01;F不可控=6.502,P<0.01;F他控=6.434,P<0.01)、抱持公平世界信念(F=33.821,P<0.001),且得到更多的社会支持(F父母家人=18.565,P<0.001;F学校老师=12.535,P<0.001;F同学朋友=12.752,P<0.001;F总体=19.694,P<0.001);其中积极情绪、消极情绪、创伤焦点应对方式和公平世界信念是青少年心理韧性主要预测因素。结论:非疫情重灾区青少年的心理健康水平未受到明显影响,大多数表现出良好的心理适应能力。心理韧性与事件影响程度、积极消极情绪、应激评价、应对方式、公平世界信念和各方面社会支持密切相关。
Objective:To investigate psychological resilience and its associated factors among adolescents during the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide empirical basis and decision-making reference for adolescent mental health education and resilience building.Methods:Using a general questionnaire, Achenbach Youth Self Report(YSR),Stress Appraisal Measure(SAM),Perceived Ability to Cope with Trauma scale(PACT),Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS),Personal Belief in a Just World Scale(PBJWS),Self-Report Altruism Scale(SRAS)and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),we conducted an online questionnaire survey and statistical analysis of 1346 middle school students from three middle schools in Shanghai.Results:(1)The survey showed that 58.10% of the adolescents demonstrated psychological resilience, 9.40% experienced severe psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, and 32.50% had some emotional problems but have not reached anxiety/depression levels.(2)The resilient group showed lower levels of subjective appraisal of the impact of the epidemic(F=11.935,P<0.001),more positive emotion(F=18.153,P<0.001),less negative emotion(F=92.513,P<0.001),more future-oriented coping(F=11.770,P<0.001),less epidemic-focused coping(F=17.557,P<0.001),perceived the epidemic as more controllable(F=4.744,6.502,6.434;P<0.01),believed in a just world(F=33.821,P<0.001)and received more overall social support(F=18.565,12.535,12.752,19.694;P<0.001),as compared to the anxiety/depression group.Among them, negative emotion(less),positive emotion, epidemic-focus coping(less),and belief of a just world were the most important predictors.Conclusion:The mental health level of the adolescents in the non-epidemic areas is not significantly affected, and they show good psychological adaptability.Multiple factors, including subjective appraisal of the epidemic, coping style, negative and positive emotion, social support and world view, predict psychological resilience.
作者
古练
李春波
朱雅勤
王琳琳
陈明扬
朱卓影
GU Lian;LI Chunbo;ZHU Yaqin(Shanghai Mental Health Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai200030,China)
出处
《中国健康心理学杂志》
北大核心
2021年第6期926-932,共7页
China Journal of Health Psychology
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:82071545)
上海交通大学“新型冠状病毒防治”专项软课题(编号:2020RK61)
上海市精神卫生中心“启航计划”(编号:2018-QH-07)。
作者简介
古练,E-mail:gulian2014@163.com;通信作者:朱卓影,E-mail:zhu_zhuoying@outlook.com。
