摘要
针对如何避免尾流危险遭遇事件的发生,对尾流危险区的侧向距离进行了研究。首先,根据尾流产生及消散的过程,建立了尾流环量和诱导速度计算模型;然后,分析了前机尾流对后机的影响程度,建立了尾流遭遇诱导力矩计算模型,选择所需滚转角速度来反映尾流遭遇的安全程度;最后,根据现行尾流安全间隔,假定前后机型组合为B744和A320,计算得到后机遭遇前机尾流时所需的滚转角速度(安全阈值),并以此为指标划设前机尾流危险区,提出危险区域的侧向间隔距离,并计算得到前后机不同间隔下的侧向安全距离,为提高结论的应用价值,将前后机所处环境的气象参数纳入模型,仿真得出其对侧向安全距离的影响。结果表明:前后机小于纵向安全间隔时,所需滚转角速度应小于0.02 rad/s,并据此判断尾流危险区的侧向安全距离,尾流危险区的侧向间隔随前后机纵向间隔增加而不断减小;左右侧风对侧向安全距离的影响最大,侧风使得尾流危险区下风向的侧向间隔距离变大,且侧风风速越大,该变化趋势越明显;不考虑顺顶风和大气温度对危险区侧向间隔的影响,不同机型组合下的尾流危险区域侧向距离与前机重量呈正相关。
In order to effectively get rid of the dangerous wake encounters,the present paper intends to examine and find the lateral distance of the reckless wake encountering area among the aeroplanes in the airport. First of all,the paper intends to establish a calculation model of the wake circulation with the induced velocity in accordance with the process of the wake generation and dissipation. And,then,the influential degree of the wake circulation on the following aircraft can be analyzed so as to establish a calculation model of the induced encounter moment by the wake accounting. The actual demanded roll rate can be chosen to reflect the safety degree of the encounter wake. And,finally,according to the current wake safety interval,we have determined to choose B744 and A320 as the supposed leading and following aircraft combination. The actually needed roll rate( that is,the safety threshold) can be calculated and worked out in accordance with the following tracing aircraft likely to be encountered with the wake of the leading one,which can help to define the wake risk-reminding area of the leading one based on the said safety threshold. What is more,we have also proposed and worked out the lateral interval distance of the wake risk-reminding area between the leading and the following airplanes at the different intervals. Thus,in order to improve the application value of the conclusion,it is suggested that the meteorological parameters surrounding the leading and following aircrafts should be taken into incorporation of the said model to simulate the influence of the environment on the lateral safety distance. The research results of the above said dangerous or reckless wake encounters can prove that the actually needed roll rate should be less than 0. 02 rad/s when the leading and following aircrafts are nearer the longitudinal safety intervals. Hence,the above said standard can help to determine the lateral safety distance of the wake reckless area. What is more,the lateral interval value of the wake reckless area ought to decrease with the increase of the longitudinal interval space between the leading and the following airplanes. At the same time,the left and right crosswinds can also produce greatest influence on the lateral safety distance,which tends to make greater downwind trend of the wake dangerous area. And,that is why,the greater the crosswind wind speed is,the greater obvious or noticeable change the aircraft tends to produce. However,the impact of the vertical wind and the atmospheric temperature on the lateral interval strength of the dangerous area can be ignored. Thus,the lateral distance value of the wake vortex under the different combinations of the aircraft can bring about a positive correlated impact due to the weight of the leading aeroplane.
作者
谷润平
代树旺
魏志强
GU Run-ping;DAI Shu-wang;WEI Zhi-qiang(College of Air Traffic Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1677-1682,共6页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U1533116)。
关键词
安全工程
滚转角速度
安全阈值
尾涡危险区
侧向安全性
safety engineering
rolling angular velocity
safety threshold
vortex danger zone
lateral safety
作者简介
谷润平,副教授,从事飞机性能与尾流研究,Rpgu2004@sina.com。
