摘要
黑格尔的辩证法对于他的哲学体系具有不可替代的重要性。依形而上学的进路对黑格尔事情本身这个概念所作的研究则将表明,事情本身是一个构成并体现黑格尔辩证法特征的重要概念。事情本身这个术语在黑格尔的著作中有两种用法:适合于某些论述的特定性用法与适合黑格尔哲学全局的核心用法,两者又是统一的。作为核心用法的事情本身具有两个基本特点:一方面,事情本身以外在推理为前提但又必须否定该前提,这一点范例性地展示了其对外在推理的扬弃、对内容与形式对立的克服,为哲学的开端扫清了障碍,并使得哲学的开端不会沦为某种临时的预设。另一方面,辩证法之所以异于诡辩术,是因为事情本身以哲学的开端作为其初始条件;在开端处自我运动总是业已发生,而通过扬弃直接与中介之差异的自我运动,事情本身成为了一种真正的方法概念。事情本身既不是主体的思维方法,也不是客体的存在规律,而是整体的内容与方法的统一。循着事情本身的过程,黑格尔使得辩证法从"思想的辩证法"转变为了"存在的辩证法",甚或取消了这两种辩证法的区别而使辩证法成为了"内容自己的灵魂"。以事情本身概念为指导线索,我们才能理解与把握黑格尔的辩证法是概念本身与概念自我运动方法的统一。
The dialectics holds an important position which cannot be replaced in Hegel's philosophical system.According to the metaphysical approach,the investigation to Hegel's“the thing itself”will indicate that the thing itself is such an important concept that constitutes and reflects the characteristic of Hegel's dialectics.In his works,Hegel uses the term“the thing itself”in two ways:the specialized usage suitable for some argument and the central usage suitable for the whole system,which together form a kind of unity.As the central usage,the thing itself owns two basic traits.On one hand,the thing itself sets the outside reasoning as its premise and negates it again,which exemplarily shows its sublating the outside reasoning and overcoming the opposites between content and form,and clears the way for the beginning of the philosophy,to make sure that this beginning cannot fall down to some kind of temporary premise.On the other hand,the reason why the dialectics is other than the sophistics lies in that the thing itself makes the beginning of philosophy as its primary condition;at the beginning the self-movement has always started,and by sublating the difference between the immediate and the intermediate,the thing itself becomes a true concept of the method.The thing itself is neither the subjective method of thinking nor the objective law of being,it is the unity of the whole content and method.Following the process of the thing itself,Hegel makes the dialectics from“the dialectics of thinking”to“the dialectics of being,”or even cancels the difference between them.Keeping track of the concept“the thing itself,”we can understand the inner meaning of the reason why Hegel's dialectics is the unity of the concept itself and its self-movement.
作者
高桦
Gao Hua(Institute of Philosophy,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200235,China)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期10-18,47,共10页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
基金
国家哲社规划课题青年项目“狄尔泰与德国现代哲学研究”(项目批准号:18CZX042)
上海市哲社规划课题青年项目“狄尔泰的‘生命哲学'之研究”(项目批准号:2017EZX003)的阶段性成果。
关键词
黑格尔
事情本身
辩证法
外在推理
自我运动
Hegel
the thing itself
dialectics
outside reasoning
self-movement
作者简介
高桦,哲学博士,上海社会科学院哲学研究所助理研究员。
