摘要
哲学是一项认知事业,在多重意义上,它与其他各门科学(包括自然科学、社会科学和人文科学)都是连续的:(1)就其研究对象而言,像其他各门科学一样,哲学也是探究我们生活于其中的这个世界,它是人类认知这个世界的总体努力的一部分。(2)就其研究方法而言,哲学与常识和科学之间没有实质性区别。正像科学方法是常识方法的精致化一样,哲学方法也是对常识方法和科学方法的提炼和总结。(3)就其效用而言,哲学和科学都是为了帮助人们更好地生活在这个世界上,过一种体面而有尊严的生活,特别是过一种有价值和有意义的生活。(4)通过哲学史来学习哲学和进入哲学,通过批判地反思先前的哲学理论,开拓新的领域、使用新的方法、提出新的理论来发展哲学,这才是看待哲学与哲学史之间关系的正确态度和做法。(5)关于哲学与科学的如下两个说法只是想当然,似是而非:科学依赖观察和实验,哲学诉诸诠释和理解;科学重点关注“实然”(事情实际上怎么样),哲学重点关注“应然”(事情应该怎么样)。
Philosophy is a cognitive enterprise.In multiple senses,it is continuous with other sciences(including natural sciences,social sciences and Humanities).(1)As far as its subject-matter is concerned,like other sciences,philosophy is also a part of the overall efforts of human beings to understand the world in which we live.(2)In terms of their methodologies,there is no substantive difference between philosophy,common sense and science.Just as scientific methodology is the refinement of common sense methodology,philosophical methodology is also the refinement and summary of common sense and scientific methodologies.(3)In terms of their utilities,philosophy and science are both designed to help people live better in the world,and to lead a decent and dignified life,especially a meaningful and valuable life.(4)The correct attitude and practice of the relationship between philosophy and the history of philosophy is to study and enter philosophy through the history of philosophy,to critically reflect on the previous philosophical theories,to open up new fields,to use new methods and to put forward new theories to develop philosophy.(5)The following two assertions about philosophy and science are just taken for granted,and specious:science relies on observation and experiment,and philosophy resorts to interpretation and understanding,while science focuses on“what is”and philosophy focuses on“what should be”.
出处
《哲学分析》
CSSCI
2020年第1期3-24,196,共23页
Philosophical Analysis
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代逻辑哲学重大前沿问题研究”（项目编号：17ZDA024）的阶段性成果
关键词
哲学
科学
认知事业
连续性
哲学方法论
哲学史研究
philosophy
science
cognitive enterprise
continuity
philosophical methodology
the history of philosophy
作者简介
陈波,北京大学哲学系/外国哲学研究所教授,2018年当选国际哲学学院(IIP)院士。
