摘要
尽管当前国际经贸环境不确定因素增加,中美贸易摩擦变数难测,但中国稳中向好的经济基本面并没有改变,中国外贸新旧动能转换已经释放出强劲动力,外贸新业态不断涌现,中国外贸竞争新优势初步形成。这主要表现在以下三方面:首先,互联网与跨境电商挑战了新新贸易理论中“企业异质性主要体现于企业生产率”的基本假设,异质性消费偏好为中小企业跨境电商比较优势的形成提供了市场环境。互联网与跨境电商深度改变了全球价值链体系中的分工模式、组织结构与微观主体,提高了服务的可贸易性,促进了制造业与服务业的深度融合,为中国向全球价值链高端跃升提供了绝佳的“弯道超车”机会。其次,中欧班列的运行重塑了传统世界海运贸易的理论范式,重构了国际贸易的经济地理,改变了临海港口的经济模式,扩展了国际陆港的经济辐射范围,加快了中国“向西开放”的步伐,逐渐形成了东西共济的全球价值链“双向环流”。再次,中国自由贸易试验区的试验优势、新要素禀赋优势和制度优势三重叠加,复合比较优势初现,自由贸易港建设将会把动态比较优势推进到更高层面。
In recent years,three bright spots have emerged in China's foreign trade.First,cross-border e-commerce transactions have grown dramatically.In 2018,China's cross-border e-commerce transactions amounted to 7.9 trillion yuan,an increase of 25%over the previous year.Total retail import and export commodities that passed through the customs cross-border e-commerce management platform increased by 50%over the same period.Second,the rapid growth of China Railway Express has continued,with 6,300 China-Europe freight train trips made in 2018 alone-a 72%increase over 2017.The third bright spot is the China Free Trade Zone,where nearly 600,000 new enterprises were set up in the first half of 2018,with obvious agglomeration effects.Based on these trends,this paper explores China's new competitive advantages on the global stage from three perspectives.First,it analyzes the role of the Internet and cross-border e-commerce in remaking the economic structure,specifically through cost reduction effects,the transformation of the value chain,and the promotion of services trade.Second,considering the central role of China Railway Express in China's Belt and Road initiative,this paper analyzes the freight operator's comprehensive distribution function and the reconstruction of its global value chain.Third,regarding the China Free Trade Zone,this paper analyzes the superposition effects of experimental,institutional,and agglomerative advantages.China's new competitive advantages in foreign trade have begun to take shape,as manifested mainly in the following three ways.First,the Internet and cross-border e-commerce challenge the basic hypothesis of the new-new trade theory,namely that enterprise heterogeneity is mainly reflected in enterprise productivity.Heterogeneous consumption preferences create a market environment in which comparative advantages in SMEs cross-border e-commerce can form.The Internet and cross-border e-commerce have profoundly changed the division of labor,organizational structure,and micro-subjects in the global value chain,improved the tradability of services,promoted the deep integration of manufacturing and service industries,and provided China an opportunity to leap toward the high end of the global value chain.Second,the operation of China Railway Express has reshaped the traditional theory of world maritime trade,redrawn the economic geography of international trade,changed the economic model of coastal ports,expanded the economic scope of international land ports,accelerated the pace of China's opening to the West,and led to the gradual realization of“two-way circulation”in the East-West integrated global value chain.Third,the China Free Trade Zone's experimental advantages,new factor endowment advantages,and institutional advantages overlap,leading to the emergence of composite comparative advantages.In addition,the construction of free-trade ports will further enhance these dynamic comparative advantages.Previous studies on China's emerging competitive advantages tend to adopt a single-dimensional perspective and lack a strong theoretical basis,and researchers have inconsistent views.Some scholars even believe that China will fall into the so-called“comparative advantage trap”,and do not identify the true nature of China's emerging economic potential.To fill this gap,the present paper systematically summarizes three sources of China's new competitive advantages on the world stage and presents a theoretical basis to support them.First,the Internet and cross-border e-commerce have changed the basic theory of traditional international trade and made it possible for SMEs to enter the international market.Second,China Railway Express has reshaped the theoretical paradigm of maritime trade,as the birth and development of China Railway Express has disrupted the traditional pattern of international trade.Third,the composite comparative advantages of China Free Trade Zone have begun to take shape.These comparative advantages are not independent but rather display a linkage effect.
作者
裴长洪
刘斌
PEI Changhong;LIU Bin(University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Institute of Economics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;China Institute for WTO Studies at University of International Business and Economics)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期4-15,共12页
Economic Research Journal
基金
对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CXTD10-11)
国家社会科学基金项目(14CJY003)的资助
关键词
互联网与跨境电商
中欧班列
中国自由贸易试验区
复合比较优势
Internet and Cross-border E-commerce
China Railway Express
China Free Trade Zone
Composite Comparative Advantage
作者简介
裴长洪,电子信箱:peichhcass739@163.com;通讯作者:刘斌,电子信箱:liubin@uibe.edu.cn。
