摘要
根据马克思的经济分析方法和逻辑 ,个人劳动直接表现为社会总劳动的构成部分 ,因而商品货币关系已经消亡 ,是实行按劳分配的不可缺少的条件。只要不具备这个条件 ,就只能借助于价值范畴 ,通过市场计算、分配社会总劳动 ,从而实行按要素分配。按要素分配的过程就是市场配置资源的过程 ,它本身并不必然包含剥削。剥削、两极分化仅仅来自劳动的特定社会条件。在劳动者重新成为有产者 ,自主拥有财产所有权的社会主义条件下 ,按劳分配与按要素分配的关系是本质与现象的关系 ,按劳分配必然转化为、表现为按要素分配。
According to the socialist theory of economics, distribution according to work is the basic principle and system of distribution in socialist countries. Along with the establishment of a socialist market economy during the reform, especially with the readjustment and changes to the ownership structure, distribution according to factors of production has been put on the table. Now At present we retain the system in which distribution according to work is primary and a variety of modes of distribution coexist, that is, a combination of distribution according to work with distribution according to factors of production. Affirmation of the latter is, no doubt, a major breakthrough in the socialist theory of distribution. However, proposing the combination gives rise to such a question: what is the relationship in theoretical terms between the two forms of distribution from a theoretical point of view? Much discussions on this question has been entered, but the ambiguities hanging around the theory of distribution according to work have not been clarified and no thorough and logically coherent explanations have been given to this question. In view of this, this paper attempts to trace the relationship between the two forms of distribution in accordance with the Marxist tradition of economic analysis and starting with an explanation of the theory of distribution according to work.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2002年第4期4-12,共9页
Social Sciences in China
