摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮精粗比对泌乳水牛瘤胃细菌和甲烷菌区系的影响。选取15头健康杂交后备泌乳水牛,按体重、采食量等相近原则随机分为3组,每组5头,分别饲喂精粗比为0∶100（全粗料组）、35∶65（低精料组）、50∶50（中等精料组）的混合饲粮。试验为期40 d,其中前10 d为预试期。在试验结束后第1天,经口腔抽取瘤胃液抽提微生物DNA,采用Illumina Miseq PE250平台研究瘤胃细菌和甲烷菌区系组成。结果表明：1）在门水平上,水牛瘤胃内拟杆菌门（45%-65%）、厚壁菌门（13%-27%）和变形菌门（13%-18%）为主要细菌类别,与低精料组和中等精料组相比,全粗料组提高了拟杆菌门、黄杆菌门和SR1细菌的比例,降低了厚壁菌门、疣微菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门细菌的比例;在科水平上,普雷沃氏科（15%-32%）和黄杆菌科（8%-21%）为主要细菌类别,与中等精料组相比,全粗料组、低精料组提高了普雷沃氏科细菌的比例,降低了黄杆菌科、毛螺菌科、瘤胃球菌科、红蝽杆菌科和双歧杆菌科细菌的比例;中等精料组瘤胃细菌相比全粗料组有更高的多样性。2）水牛瘤胃内,90%以上的甲烷菌为甲烷短杆菌属,其次为热原体属,饲粮精粗比的改变并未影响甲烷短杆菌属在瘤胃内的优势地位。综合得出,全粗料饲粮有提高水牛瘤胃内纤维降解相关细菌比例的趋势,却降低了瘤胃细菌的多样性;饲粮精粗比的差异对水牛瘤胃甲烷菌在属水平上的组成并无显著影响。
This study was conducted to study the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio on ruminal bacterial and methanogen community composition of water buffaloes.Fifteen healthy similar hybrid water buffaloes were selected and divided into three groups with 5 heads per group according to body weight and feed intake.The three groups were fed diets with concentrate to forage ratio at 0 ∶ 100（all forage group）,35 ∶ 65（low concentrate group） and 50∶ 50（medium concentrate group）,respectively.The total experimental period was 40 days,including 10 days of advanced experiment feeding period.On day 1 after the experiment,rumen fluid sample was taken from rumen through mouth,and ruminal fluid DNA was extracted to research ruminal bacterial and methanogen community by Illumina Miseq 250 PE.The results showed as follows： 1） at phyla level,ruminal bacterial community of buffaloes was dominated by Bacteroidetes（45 % to 65 %） and Firmicutes（13 % to 27 %） and Proteinobacter（13 % to 18 %）; compared with low concentrate group and medium concentrate group,all forage group increased the proportions of Bacteroidetes,Fibrobacter and SR1,but decreased the proportions of Firmicutes,Verrucomicrobia,Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi; at the family level,the dominant bacteria were Prevotellaceae（15 % to 32 %） and Fibrobacteraceae（8 % to 21 %）; compared with medium concentrate group,all forage group and low concentrate group increased the proportions of Prevotellaceae,while decreased the proportions of Fibrobacteraceae,Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae,Coriobacteriaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae; additionally,the bacterial community in medium concentrate group was more diverse than that in all forage group.2） Ruminal methanogen community of water buffaloes was dominated by Methanobrevibacter（over 90 %）,followed by Thermoplasma; dietary concentrate to forage ratio had no influence on ruminal methanogen community of water buffaloes.In conclusion,bacteria related with fiber digestion tends to be increased by all forge diet,but ruminal bacterial diversity is decreased by all forage diet; there is no influence of concentrate to forage ratio on ruminal methanogen composition of water buffaloes at genus level.
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第10期3101-3109,共9页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家自然科学基金(31160470)
广西自然科学基金(2013GXNSFBA019114)
关键词
水牛
精粗比
瘤胃
细菌区系
甲烷菌区系
water buffalo
concentrate to forage ratio
rumen
bacteria community
methanogen community
作者简介
林波（1983-），男，四川雅安人，副研究员，博士，主要从事反刍动物营养研究。E-mail：linbobri@foxmail．com
通信作者：邹彩霞，研究员，硕士生导师，E-mail：caixiazou2002@hotmail．com
