摘要
政治地理学在西方学界日益成为一门显学,在中国则方兴未艾。汉代政区的复原研究,为进一步探讨汉代的政治地理奠定了基础,但由于文献记载的阙如,这一工作始终未有进展。湖北江陵张家山汉墓出土的大批竹简的整理完成,为这一工作的推进提供了重要的史料依据,尤其是其中的《津关令》。由于是汉廷实施地域控制的产物,《津关令》集中反映了汉初政治地理的诸多面相。本文依据《津关令》,结合传世文献的记载,复原了汉初帝国东西部之间的关、津、塞,确定了汉初关中与关外的地域界线。在此基础上,进而复原了汉初由"关中核心区"、"关外直辖地"和"关外王国"所组成的圈层型政治地理建构。在汉与诸侯"共天下"的形势之下,汉廷建都关中,欲以关中制御关东。为此,不仅在帝国东西部之间设有关、津,而且利用其间的山河险阻构筑了一道自南向北的塞,由此将帝国的疆域分为区别对待的"关中核心区"、"关外直辖地"和"关外王国",以之为依托,层层实施朝廷的地域控制措施,确立了一种特定政治形势下的帝国秩序。
Political geography in the Western academia has become an important discipline,while it is just unfolding in China. The recreation of the administrative divisions of the Han Dynasty laid a foundation for further study on the political geography of the Han Dynasty,but due to the lack of documents,this work has not been progressed. The sorting out of the bamboo slips unearthed from the Han tomb of Jiangling in Hubei provides an important historical basis for promoting this work. Among those bamboo slips,The Decrees for Ferries and Passes,as the product of the Han court controlling regions,reflects many aspects of the political geography of the early Han Dynasty. Based on The Decrees,combining with the ancient literature records,the paper is dedicated to recreating the ferries,the passes and the great wall between the east and the west of the Han empire,and to defining the geographical boundaries between Guanzhong and Guanwai,thus reconstructing concentric circles of early Han Dynasty＇s political geography,which were consisted of Guanzhong core area that was ruled directly by the Han court and the feudal kingdoms＇ area. It is argued in this paper that under the situation that the Han court and the feudal kingdoms confronted each other,the former established its capital at Guanzhong to command Guandong thereafter. It is for this reason that the Han court not only founded the ferries and the passes but also built the great wall by virtue of the mountains and the Yellow River barriers between the east and the west of the Han empire. By such means the Han territory was divided into three different areas as mentioned before,through which the Han court exerted a control over the regions and established order throughout the empire.
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第2期46-53,共8页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
关键词
汉初
《津关令》
政治地理
early Western Han Dynasty
The Decrees for Ferries and Passes
Political Geography
作者简介
梁万斌，历史学博士，河南大学历史文化学院讲师。
