摘要
目的：探讨不同拉伸方式对股后肌群柔韧素质的影响及其差异.方法：选取40名健康且无拉伸习惯的大学生,随机分为试验组（静力、动力、PNF和振动拉伸组）和控制组（无拉伸组）,热身结束后进行前测（主动和被动柔韧测量）,随后进行拉伸（控制组不拉伸）并记录各时间点的后测,在半小时内每隔5 min测量一次关节活动度,取前测与后测0min的差异为拉伸后增加柔韧的即时效应,取前测与后测5～30 min差异以观察柔韧后续各时间点的持续效应变化情况,并用方差分析和Scheffe法确认差异发生的组别.结果：各拉伸组提高柔韧的效应皆优于无拉伸组,而不同拉伸方式的即时及持续效应在主动柔韧上波动较大,对被动柔韧的影响则较相近.其中,主动柔韧即时效应较明显,而组间静力拉伸显著高于PNF拉伸（P＜0.05）,持续效应分别为静力拉伸20 min、动力拉伸10 min、PNF拉伸5 min、振动拉伸30 min;被动柔韧即时效应也较明显,但组间比较则无显著差异（P＞0.05）,持续效应分别为静力拉伸30 min、动力拉伸25 min、PNF拉伸30 min、振动拉伸30 min.结论：各拉伸方式皆能立即提升股后肌群的主被动柔韧性,但效应存在差异,因此应结合拉伸后所进行的具体运动,对不同拉伸方式的组合搭配和应用时机进行合理设计.
Purpose ： To explore the effect of stretching mode on flexibility of hamstrings. Methods ： In this study, 40 of college students were divided into four experimental groups （static, dynamic, PNF and vibration stretching） and one control group （no stretching）. All subjects performed a 5 minutes warm-up before each stretching exercise （Serve right knee joint range of motion as the active flexibility and left hip joint range of motion as passive flexibility）. We mea- sured the flexibility after the stretching exercise and recorded the range of motion every 5 minutes in half hour. Take the pretest and posttest 0 min difference as acute effect of flexibility, take pretest and posttest 5-30 min difference to observe follow-up continued sustained effect change of each point in time. ANO- VA and Scheffe＇s post hoc analysis was used to confirm the differences between groups. Results： Involved in different stretching exercises can acute increase the flexibility and were significantly better than not stretching. The acute effect and duration time of different stretching exercises of the active flexibility has more variability and in the passive flexibility was more similar. The performance of the acute effect on the active flexibility, after stretching the exercise, was significant. Comparing the 4 modes, the static stretching was significantly better than PNF （P〈0.05）. The result of the sustained effect as follows： static stretching for 20 minutes, dynamic stretching for 10 minutes, PNF stretching for 5 minutes, vibration stretching for 30 minutes. The performance of the acute effect on the passive flexibility, after stretching the exercise, was significant. Comparing the 4 modes, there was no significant difference （P〉0.05）. The re- sult of the sustained effect as follows： static stretching for 30 minutes, dynamic stretching for 25 minutes, PNF stretching for 30 minutes, vibration stretching for 30 minutes. Conclusions： The stretching mode can immediately improve active and passive flexibility of Hamstrings, but there are differences between the effects. Therefore, combinations and application time distribution of different stretching mode should be combined with the specific sports.
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第1期61-65,70,共6页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
关键词
拉伸
股后肌群
主动柔韧
被动柔韧
即时效应
持续效应
stretching exercise
hamstrings
active flexibility
passive flexibility
acute effect
sustained effect.
作者简介
张帆（1984-）,男,江苏泗洪人,在读博士研究生,研究方向为运动训练与体质健康
王长生（1969-）,男,山东东明人,博士,教授,研究方向为体育教育训练理论与运动认知心理.
