摘要
森林生态系统内主要乔木的高度生态位反映了不同树种在各个高度资源单位内资源利用的互补情况，同时也是表征森林生态系统演替的趋势及其森林循环过程主要特征之一．生物学特性和生态学特性接近的树种的高度生态位重叠较大，反之则较小．在Ｇａｐ内，色木槭和扭筋槭的高度生态位重叠最大，而青楷槭和千金榆、花楷槭和水曲柳、青楷槭和裂叶榆的高度生态位重叠较小；在非Ｇａｐ生态系统内，青楷槭和白牛槭的高度生态位重叠最大，青楷槭和裂叶榆、青楷槭和千金榆、花楷槭和水曲柳的高度生态位重叠较小．红松和阔叶树之间的高度生态位分离较大，利用资源的方式和能力差异较大，它们之间可以在不同空间的资源利用上达到互补，种间竞争较弱，从而能够保持红松和阔叶树之间长期而稳定的共存．但Ｇａｐ内红松和阔叶树的高度生态位重叠均大于非Ｇａｐ生态系统，可见Ｇａｐ的存在加大了红松和阔叶树之间的种间竞争，减小了红松和阔叶树之间的资源互补利用的能力．Ｇａｐ削弱了个体生态位重叠值较大的树种间的种间竞争。
The height niche of trees reflects the complementarity of resource utilization of
different tree species in varied height grade in the forest ecosystem, and is also one of the
main characteristics of forest succession and cycle. The height niche overlaps are greater
between those species that have similar biological and ecological characteristics, and vice
versa. In gaps, the height niche overlaps between Acer mono and A.triflorum are the
biggest, and comparatively small between A. tegmentosum and Carpinus cordata,
A.ukurunduense and Fraxinus mandshurica, and A.tegmentosum and Ulmus laciniata.
While in non gaps, the height niche overlaps between A. tegmentosum and A.mandshurica
are the biggest, and comparatively small between A.tegmentosum and U.laciniata,
A.tegmentosum and C.cordata , and A. ukurunduense and F.mandshurica . The height
niche overlaps between Korean pine and most broad leaved trees are comparatively small,
which means that, to some extent, Korean pine and most broad leaved trees are compensatory
in their utilization of space and ecological resources, which may be one of the mechanisms by
which they could coexist persistently. The height niche overlaps between Korean pine and most
broad leaved trees in gaps are bigger than in non gaps, showing an evident that the species
competition between Korean pine and most broad leave trees are increased by gaps, and that
the compensating ability of resources between them are reduced by gaps. Species competition
due to the large height niche overlaps is reduced by gaps, while that due to the small height
niche overlaps is increased by them.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
1999年第3期262-264,共3页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金
中国科学院长白山森林生态系统开放研究站资助项目
关键词
高度生态位
林冠空隙
红松阔叶林
长白山
Height niche, Gap, Korean pine broad leaved
forest, Changbai Mountain.
