摘要
纵观水稻育种的历程,每一次新突破都离不开新技术的利用和新遗传种质资源的发掘。超级杂交稻在达到第二期12000kg/hm2的目标后,进一步挖掘产量潜力实现13500kg/hm2的第三期目标需要基因资源创新和分子育种技术的加盟。利用可转化大片断基因组文库和基因嵌入突变体库是发掘野生稻有利基因的新策略,它包括构建野生稻可转化大片断基因组文库,通过转基因技术,将大片段克隆导入栽培稻中,建立全基因组基因嵌入突变体库。在构建突变体库前可根据保守序列、分子标记等对大片段克隆进行筛选,减少需要鉴定的大片段克隆数量,并可利用遗传转化效率高的模式植物拟南芥来进行大片段克隆初步鉴定,避开水稻转化效率仍然不高这个瓶颈。然后通过突变体田间鉴定,筛选出抗寒、抗虫、抗病、高产等突变体材料并应用到超级杂交稻育种中;同时对控制突变性状的大片段克隆进行亚克隆、功能补偿分析和序列分析,最终克隆野生稻有利基因。这一技术也适用于发掘和克隆其他植物基因。
From overview on rice breeding history, every breakthrough dependent on new technology and germplasm, it need germplasm innovation and integrating with molecular breeding that higher yield is produced and reach 13 500kg/hm^2 of super hybrid rice phase Ⅲ after super hybrid rice reached 12 000kg/hm^2 of phase Ⅱ. TAC/BIBAC library-based knock-in mutant library is a new strategy to explore favorable genes fi＇om wild rice, including construction of transformation-competent large fi＇agment library of wild rice, transferring TAC/BIBAC clones into rice cultivars via transgenic technology and achievement ofwhole-genome mutant library. When constructing the mutant library, TAC/BIBAC clones can be screened by conservative sequence and molecular markers to decrease the number of clones which need to be screened. In addition, mode plant arabidopsis, which has high efficiency of transformation, is used to identify TAC/BIBAC clones to avoid the bottleneck of rice transformation with low efficiency. By field investigation, mutants with cold tolerance, insect resistance, disease resistance and high yield are screened and applied in breeding. Meanwhile, TAC/BIBAC clones related to mutant traits are subcloned, tested for functional complement and sequenced. Finally, the favorable genes of wild rice are cloned. This strategy is also adapt to exploring and cloning the favorable genes of other plant species. KEYWORDS Wild rice, Favorable gene, Whole genome, Knock-in, Mutant library
出处
《分子植物育种》
CAS
CSCD
2005年第6期869-876,共8页
Molecular Plant Breeding
作者简介
曹孟良,通讯邮件,mlcao@hhrrc.com
