摘要
青铜空首斧形器[1]是指器身上段中空成銎用以纳柄,且有别于凿的一类宽体端刃工具。这类器物在古代文献中被称作"斧""斨"或"斤",如《诗·豳风·破斧》:"既破我斧,又缺我斨。"《诗·豳风·七月》:"蚕月条桑,取彼斧斨,以伐远扬,猗彼女桑。"传:"隋(椭)銎曰斧。斨,方銎也。"《孟子·梁惠王上》:"斧斤以时入山林,林木不可胜用也。"《说文·斤部》:"斤,斫木斧也,象形。"又"斨,方銎斧也"。清代王筠《说文句读》:"斤之刃横,斧之刃纵。"由此可见,斧和斨的銎口形状不同,椭圆銎为斧,方銎为斨,均使用纵刃。斤虽归斧属,但使用方式有别。
Bronze top-socketed axe refers to a kind of wide-body end-cutter tool which is hollowed in the upper half of the body of the socket to hold the handle and distinguished from the chisel.The bronze top-socketed axe unearthed from tombs of Yin Ruins in Anyang can be divided into two categories:Class A and B.Class A axes were proposed to be used for cleaving.Class B axes were mainly used for planning and cleaving.The burial position and quantity of such utensils are strictly classified,and the composition relationships with other tools have obvious characteristics of the times.The top-socketed axe of Yin Ruins was developed from Erligang period,which was not only inherited by the Central China during the Western Zhou Dynasty,but also affected the northern China and even the remote Baikal Lake area.
作者
夏福德
井中伟
XIA Fu-de;JING Zhong-wei
出处
《边疆考古研究》
2020年第2期191-228,共38页
Research of China＇s Frontier Archaeology
基金
国家社科基金项目“考古视野下早期中国铜钺与王权研究”(批准号18BKG013)资助
