摘要
保险诈骗罪的认定过程中,可能出现民事角度为合法、刑事上却认定为犯罪等刑民冲突的情形。此类刑民冲突的形成原因,一是“刑事看实质、民事重外观”的逻辑思维差异,二是刑民实体特征差异,最后彰显的是刑民背后的价值追求位阶差异。分析认定此类案件,应秉持客观公正原则,查清基础事实,以法秩序统一原理为基础,以刑事实质合理穿透民事外观。本罪的主体即投保人、被保险人、受益人应以实际操作者为准。“虚构保险标的”既包括以不符合要求的标的冒充符合条件的标的,还包括形式上符合保险条件但实质上不具备保险利益的情形,以及事后投保等情形。本罪中的“保险”仅限于依法成立的保险公司发售的商业保险。“骗取保险金”的要件决定了应将行为人依法或依合同本应获得保险金的情形排除在犯罪之外。
In the process of identifying the crime of insurance fraud,there may be criminal-civil confliction,such as it is legal in the civil law but criminal.To analyze and identify such cases,we should uphold the principle of objectivity and impartiality,find out the basic facts,take the principle of unity of legal order as the basis,and reasonably penetrate the civil appearance with the criminal essence.The subject of this crime,the applicant,the insured and the beneficiary,shall be subject to the actual operator.“Fictitious subject matter of insurance”includes not only passing off the subject matter that does not meet the requirements as the subject matter that meets the conditions,but also the situation that meets the insurance conditions in form but does not have the insurable interest in essence,as well as the situation of insurance afterwards.The“insurance”in this crime is limited to the commercial insurance offered by the legally established insurance company.The element of“defrauding insurance money”determines that the perpetrator should be excluded from the crime in accordance with the law or the contract.
出处
《刑法论丛》
2022年第3期234-256,共23页
Criminal Law Review
关键词
保险诈骗罪
刑民冲突
诈骗罪
Crime of Insurance Fraud
Criminal-civil Confliction
Crime of Fraud
作者简介
吴加明,上海立信会计金融学院法学院讲师,法学博士
