摘要
传统制造业和服务业产业特征的明显差异,以及现代制造业和服务业在产业特征上的“趋同”和“融合”,与连接技术发展及其所导致的连接方式变化密切相关。从直接驱动到单元驱动以及机电一体化,机器体系物理连接方式的改变,是生产环节分解从而导致传统制造业规模经济和效率经济特征的深层原因。随着信息通讯技术革命的兴起,生产和流通过程中形成物理连接和基于数字技术的信息连接的双重连接的同时,也改变了传统制造业和服务业的特征,人工智能、5G等技术的发展,又进一步使制造业和服务业在产业特征上更加趋同,在产业功能上趋于融合。制造业和服务业的产业特征新变化,不仅挑战了传统经济发展理论的制造业引擎假说,而且也使得不同国家的产业发展战略面临着新的机遇与挑战。
The choice of industrial development strategy relies on the judgment of industrial characteristics and their evolutionary trends.For a long time,manufacturing has been regarded as the engine or support of economic development because it has industrial characteristics that the service industries cannot have,such as economies of scale,tradability and technology spillover.However,there has been a lack of explanation for how such differences in industrial characteristics are formed and why the industrial characteristics of manufacturing and service industries have started to converge and integrate again under the influence of the information communication technology(ICT)revolution.We believe that the obvious difference between the industrial characteristics of traditional manufacturing and service industries,as well as the convergence of the industrial characteristics of modern manufacturing and service industries,are closely related to the development of connection technology and the resulting changes in the connection between the production and distribution processes.From the theoretical analysis,division of labor,as an independent process of production links and sectors,and connection are two aspects of the same process;and specialization and scale effect brought by division of labor can be realized only with the effective guarantee of connection.When the division of labor manifests itself in the spatial and temporal unblinding of the production process,the connection is the basis for ensuring the integrity of the product or service process after the spatial and temporal unblinding of the production chain.Therefore,any economic effect of spatio-temporal unblinding,such as economies of scale,efficiency and tradability,requires the existence of a corresponding connection.Therefore,connection has not only physical but also economic implications.There are two types of connections,namely,real,tangible and physical connections,and virtual and intangible information connections.When the physical connections in the machine system increase to further deepen the division of labor,they will also further stimulate the need for information connections to cope with the uncertainty in the management and distribution processes.From the development of industrial history,the reason why traditional manufacturing has different characteristics from traditional service industry is not only that machines can be used,but also that new intra-enterprise division of labor and social division of labor can be formed through the development of intra-machine system connection.From direct drive to unit drive and mechatronics,the change of physical connection within the machine system plays a decisive role in dividing,quantifying and reorganizing the labor process,which is the deep reason for the decomposition of the production chain and thus the characteristics of economies of scale and efficiency in traditional manufacturing.With the rise of the ICT revolution,the production and distribution process of traditional manufacturing has formed a dual connection system of physical connection and information connection based on digital technology,while the connection of some service industries has also been reconstructed through digital devices,thus changing the characteristics of traditional service industries where trading is simultaneously carried out face-to-face at the same place.This has led to the emergence of manufacturing of service and servicification of manufacturing.The development of a new generation of digital technologies such as AI and 5 G technology has further changed the industrial characteristics of manufacturing and service industries through new connection methods,making manufacturing and service industries not only more convergent in terms of industrial characteristics,but also converging in terms of industrial functions.The new changes in the industrial characteristics of manufacturing and service industries pose challenge not only to the manufacturing-as-economic engine hypothesis of traditional economic development theory,but also to the choice of industrial development strategies of developing countries.The convergence of the characteristics of manufacturing industry and service industries caused by the change of connection does not mean the decline of manufacturing industries’function of economic development engine,nor does it mean that service industry will inevitably become a new economic support.The choice of a country’s specific industrial development strategy depends not only on its existing industrial base and endowment structure,but also on its long-term goals of industrialization and modernization.In terms of the importance of connection,AI and 5 G technology have become the focus of industrial competition because they are reshaping the way human society is connected,the characteristics of industries,and even the development methods and strategies of individual countries.In the new wave of technological revolution,manufacturing industries involving key connections,especially semiconductors,chips,computers,telecommunication equipment,and network facilities,are particularly important for China’s industrial development strategy.
作者
胡乐明
杨虎涛
HU Leming;YANG Hutao(University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期45-63,共19页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家社科基金重点项目(20AJL004)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
连接
产业融合
发展战略
Connection
Industrial Convergence
Development Strategy
作者简介
胡乐明,中国社会科学院大学经济学院、中国社会科学院经济研究所,邮政编码:100836,电子信箱:hlmdx@vip.sina.com;通讯作者:杨虎涛,中国社会科学院大学经济学院、中国社会科学院经济研究所,邮政编码:100836,电子信箱:86288256@qq.com。
