摘要
[背景]石化企业作业人员发生不良工作情绪、身心健康问题的风险较高。心理弹性属于积极心理学因子,可提供积极能力来对抗工作中的压力、倦怠,缓解紧张、抑郁、焦虑等心理不适。[目的]探讨石化企业作业人员心理弹性在职业倦怠与睡眠障碍关联中的调节或中介作用。[方法]采用整群抽样方法,于2022年4月对河南省某市某石油化工企业1087名作业人员进行基本情况、心理弹性、职业倦怠(包含耗竭、愤世嫉俗和职业效能3个维度)和睡眠障碍的问卷调查。不同人口学特征组间的评分差异用Mann-Whitney U检验、Kruskal-Wallis H检验,心理弹性、职业倦怠(包含耗竭、愤世嫉俗和职业效能3个维度)和睡眠障碍评分用偏相关分析,采用线性回归分析检验心理弹性的调节作用,采用Bootstrap法检验心理弹性的中介效应。[结果]收回调查问卷861份,其中有效问卷857份,有效率99.5%。研究对象中,职业倦怠的评分M(P^(25),P^(75))为1.24(0.65,2.22),职业倦怠发生率为36.4%(312/857);其中,耗竭、愤世嫉俗和职业效能3个维度的评分分别为1.40(0.80,3.00)、1.00(0.20,1.60)、5.50(4.00,6.00)。心理弹性的评分M(P^(25),P^(75))为36.00(30.00,41.00)。睡眠障碍的评分M(P^(25),P^(75))为11.00(7.00,15.00)。偏相关分析结果显示,职业倦怠、耗竭、愤世嫉俗与心理弹性呈负向相关(r=-0.387、-0.248、-0.247,P<0.01),与睡眠障碍呈正向相关(r=0.455、0.445、0.357,P<0.01);职业效能与心理弹性呈正向相关(r=0.366,P<0.01),与睡眠障碍呈负向相关(r=-0.184,P<0.01);心理弹性与睡眠障碍呈负向相关(r=-0.349,P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析发现,职业倦怠、耗竭、愤世嫉俗增加睡眠障碍的发生风险(P<0.01),心理弹性降低睡眠障碍的发生风险(P<0.01);但心理弹性对职业倦怠(耗竭、愤世嫉俗和职业效能)与睡眠障碍之间的关系不存在调节作用(P>0.05)。中介效应检验结果显示,心理弹性在职业倦怠、耗竭、愤世嫉俗和职业效能与睡眠障碍的关联中均发挥部分中介作用,其中介作用分别为0.522(95%CI:0.283~0.777)、0.310(95%CI:0.188~0.453)、0.364(95%CI:0.228~0.524)、-0.542(95%CI:-0.741~-0.366),中介效应分别占总效应的17.31%、14.12%、19.24%、64.72%。[结论]心理弹性在石化企业作业人员职业倦怠与睡眠障碍的关联中存在部分中介作用,但未发现调节作用。
[Background]The risks of unhealthy working mood and physical and mental health problems are high in the workers of petrochemical enterprises.Resilience is a positive psychological factor,which can provide positive ability to manage stress and job burnout,relieve tension,depression,anxiety,and other psychological discomfort.[Objective]To explore the moderating or mediating effect of resilience on the association between job burnout and sleep disorders in workers of petrochemical enterprises.[Methods]A survey with questionnaire of general information,resilience,job burnout(including exhaustion,cynicism,and professional efficacy),and sleep disorders was conducted among 1087 workers who were selected by cluster sampling from a petrochemical enterprise in Henan Province in April 2022.Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to test the differences of scores among different demographic groups.Resilience,job burnout(including exhaustion,cynicism,and professional efficacy),and sleep disorder scores were analyzed by partial correlation analysis.The moderating effect of resilience was examined by linear regression analysis,and the mediating effect of resilience by Bootstrap method.[Results]A total of 861 questionnaires were collected,of which 857 were effective,and the effective rate was 99.5%.The M(P^(25),P^(75))of job burnout score was 1.24(0.65,2.22)and the incidence of job burnout was 36.4%(312/857);the scores[M(P^(25),P^(75))]of exhaustion,cynicism,and professional efficacy were 1.40(0.80,3.00),1.00(0.20,1.60),and 5.50(4.00,6.00),respectively.The M(P^(25),P^(75))of resilience score was 36.00(30.00,41.00).The M(P^(25),P^(75))of sleep disorder score was 11.00(7.00,15.00).The partial correlation analysis results showed that job burnout,exhaustion,and cynicism were negatively correlated with resilience(r=-0.387,-0.248,-0.247,P<0.01),and positively correlated with sleep disorders(r=0.455,0.445,0.357,P<0.01);professional efficacy was positively correlated with resilience(r=0.366,P<0.01)and negatively correlated with sleep disorders(r=-0.184,P<0.01);resilience was negatively correlated with sleep disorders(r=-0.349,P<0.01).The linear regression analysis results found that job burnout,exhaustion,and cynicism elevated the risk of sleep disorders(P<0.01),resilience lowered the risk of sleep disorders(P<0.01);but the relationship between job burnout(exhaustion,cynicism,and professional efficacy)and sleep disorders was not moderated by resilience(P>0.05).The mediating effect test showed that resilience played a partial mediating role in the associations of job burnout,exhaustion,cynicism,and professional efficacy with sleep disorders,the mediating effects were 0.522(95%CI:0.283-0.777),0.310(95%CI:0.188-0.453),0.364(95%CI:0.228-0.524),-0.542(95%CI:-0.741--0.366)and the mediating effects accounted for 17.31%,14.12%,19.24%,and 64.72%of the total effects,respectively.[Conclusion]The relationship between job burnout and sleep disorders is partially mediated by resilience among workers in the selected petrochemical company,but no moderating effect is found.
作者
吴辉
吴迪
吕庆伟
谷桂珍
周文慧
余善法
WU Hui;WU Di;LYU Qingwei;GU Guizhen;ZHOU Wenhui;YU Shanfa(Office,The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province(Henan Hospital for Occupational Diseases),Zhengzhou,Henan 450052,China;Department of Occupational Health,The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province(Henan Hospital for Occupational Diseases),Zhengzhou,Henan 450052,China;Department of Safety and Environmental Protection,SINOPEC Zhongyuan Petrochemical Corp.Ltd.,Puyang,Henan 457001,China;Henan Medical College,Zhengzhou,Henan 451191,China)
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期426-432,共7页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20210267,2018020571)
关键词
职业倦怠
睡眠障碍
心理弹性
调节作用
中介作用
job burnout
sleep disorder
resilience
moderating effect
mediating effect
作者简介
吴辉(1987—),男,硕士,副主任医师,E-mail:wuhui2009yan@163.com;通信作者:余善法,(河南医学高等专科学校),E-mail:yushanfa@163.com
