摘要
中华人民共和国成立后的第一个十年,被认为是中国民族工作的“黄金十年”。根据起临时宪法作用的《共同纲领》的有关条款,民族区域自治是中华人民共和国民族政策的核心,也是“真正形成中华民族美好的大家庭”的重要制度支撑,因此可以说民族区域自治是这十年的民族工作的核心任务;到1959年,聚居的少数民族人口已有95%建立了民族区域自治地方。建国最初十年之所以成为我国民族工作的“黄金时期”,是党和国家领导人对以民族区域自治为核心的民族工作高度重视且亲力规划并具体指导的结果,他们对民族政策的制度化、法制化以及民族区域自治建政进程都进行了通盘的规划,并且提出了搞好汉族与少数民族关系的指导原则。这一原则的提出和实践,是党和国家领导人基于广泛调研、深入思考而提出的,因而全域性、贯穿性、统御性地抓住了建国初期我国民族工作的核心问题和工作的龙头。本文基于这一时期的相关文献,进行了一些梳理和研究,希望为在新时代理解民族区域自治制度并铸牢中华民族共同体意识,提供一个历史经验的参考与借镜。
The first decade after the founding of the PRC is regarded as the “Golden Decade” for the work on ethnic affairs in China. According to the “Common Program of the Chinese People ’s Political Consultative Conference”, which functioned as a provisional constitution,Regional Ethnic Autonomy is the core of the PRC’s ethnic policy and the most essential institutional support for “truly forming a beautiful big family of the Chinese nation”. Therefore,Regional Ethnic Autonomy is the key task of ethnic work for that decade. By 1959, 95% of settled ethnic minority population has lived in ethnic autonomous areas. The first decade after the founding of the PRC being the “Golden Decade” for ethnic work in China is the result of the leaders of the Party and the country attaching great importance to,hands-on planning,and practically guiding ethnic work with Regional Ethnic Autonomy at its core. They made holistic planning on the institutionalization and legalization of ethnic policies, as well as on the process of establishing Regional Ethnic Autonomy system. And they also put forward the guiding principle of maintaining good relations between Han and ethnic minorities. The formulation and practice of this principle is based on extensive research and thorough thinking by the leaders of the Party and the country,and therefore seizes the core issue of and key to ethnic work after the founding of the PRC with whole domain coverage,deep penetration,and overarching leadership. By referring to and studying relevant documents from that decade,this article aims to provide historical experience and reference for understanding the Regional Ethnic Autonomy policy and fostering a strong sense of community in the new era.
作者
陈建樾
CHEN Jian-yue(The Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《中华民族共同体研究》
2022年第2期49-65,171-172,共19页
Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies
基金
中国社会科学院创新工程重大科研工程规划项目“铸牢中华民族共同体意识重大问题研究”(2019ZDGH017)
国家社会科学基金社科学术社团主题学术活动资助项目“中国共产党民族理论政策百年演进与赓续发展”(21STA014)的阶段性成果
关键词
民族区域自治
汉族
少数民族
民族关系
建国最初十年
Regional Ethnic Autonomy
Han
ethnic minority groups
ethnic relation
the first decade after the founding of the PRC
作者简介
陈建樾,中央民族大学特聘教授,中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所民族理论研究室主任、研究员,中国民族理论学会常务副会长,中国社会科学院铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地研究员。北京100081
