摘要
在重大突发公共事件中,政府往往基于公共利益需要而以价格管制方式对紧急状态下的特殊商品实行限价销售,但是,相关价格管制措施却引发了诸多争议。从经济学上看,虽然价值规律是引导经济政策并配置稀缺资源的关键信号,但是市场失灵诱发的外部性、市场主体内含的道德性以及市场经济忽视的公平性等因素却为价格管制的必要性提供了有效论证;而从法学上看,价格管制的正当性既发微于宏观层面政府与市场在经济法中的高度融合,又根植于微观层面法律对交易个体意思自治的充分维护。在实践中,虽然我国已具备较为完整的价格规则体系,但是其在权力配置、行为认定、责任承担以及权利保障等方面却仍然存在较大缺陷。因此,有必要在"尊重市场规律"、"维护公共利益"、"遵循比例原则"的指导下对临时价格管制制度优化:在主体行权方面,将价格涨幅的定价权从省级政府有条件下移;在行为认定方面,采"幅度+时间+商品+单价"的"四合一"综合标准;在责任承担方面,重新调整"没收违法所得"和"罚款"的规则逻辑;在权利救济方面,增设有利于经营者的实体性和程序性保障措施。
In the case of major public emergencies,the government usually adopts price control to limit the sale of special commodities under the state of emergency based on the needs of public interests.However,the related price control measures have caused a lot of disputes.From the perspective of economics,although price law is the key signal to guide economic policies and allocate scarce resources,the externalities induced by market failure,the inherent morality of market subjects and the fairness ignored by market economy provide effective arguments for the necessity of price control.From the perspective of law,the legitimacy of price control is not only derived from the high integration of government and market in economic law at the macro level,but also rooted in the full protection of law at the micro level to the autonomy of will of individual transaction.In practice,although China has a relatively complete system of price rules,there are still large defects in power allocation,behavior identification,liability and rights protection.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize the temporary price control system under the guidance of"respecting the law of the market","safeguarding public interests"and"following the principle of proportion":In terms of power allocation,the pricing power of price increases will be conditionally transferred from provincial governments;In the aspect of behavior identification,we can adopt the"four in one"comprehensive standard of"range+time+commodity+unit price";In terms of liability,we should readjust the logic of"confiscation of illegal gains"and"fine";In the aspect of right relief,concrete and procedural safeguard measures are added in favor of operators.
作者
龙俊
LONG Jun(Renmin University of China Law School)
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
CSSCI
2020年第3期186-205,209,共21页
Journal Of CUPL
基金
中国人民大学“统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设”专项经费资助项目(16XNL002)的阶段性成果
中国人民大学2018年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划项目的阶段性成果。
作者简介
龙俊(1992-),男,湖南郴州人。现为中国人民大学法学院经济法学博士研究生。研究方向为经济法、市场规制法和竞争法。
