摘要
为了避免法秩序统一性与部门法违法判断相对性的冲突,部分学者主张民刑、行刑之间存在整体性的“前置—后置”关系,前置法违法性判断在逻辑上独立、优先,并且约束刑事违法性判断。对刑法后置论的捍卫存在说明性辩护(实然)和道德性辩护(应然)两种路径。说明性辩护认为,刑法后置论是对我国实在法秩序的最佳说明;道德性辩护认为,刑法后置论是现代国家法秩序的应然理想状态。对刑法后置论的说明性辩护是失败的,因为犯罪并非严重的前置违法行为,而是具有公民不法的独特道德意义;刑罚也不仅仅是最严酷的调整手段,更具有报应性公共谴责的独特功能。对刑法后置论的道德性辩护也不成功,因为对公民不法施加报应性谴责本身是国家平等尊重全体公民的政治道德要求,属于国家强制力的正当行使范围。民行刑之间是平行关系而非“前置—后置”关系,三者均有自身的独特功能和固有的调整领域。
To avoid the conflicts between the unity of legal order and the relativity of the illegality judgement of different areas of law,some scholars advocate the existence of a“pre-post”relationship between civil law,administrative law and criminal law,in which the illegality judgments of preliminary law are logically independent,take precedence and constrain the criminal illegality judgments.There are two ways to defend the posteriority of criminal law:explanatory defense and moral defense.The explanatory defense holds that the posteriority of criminal law doctrine is the best description of our positive legal order,and the moral defense holds that the posteriority of criminal law doctrine reflects the ideal of the modern legal order.The explanatory defense fails because the crime is not a serious preliminary illegal act,but has the unique moral significance of civic wrongdoing;nor is punishment merely the most severe means of control,but has the unique function of retributive public condemnation.The moral defense is also unsuccessful because the imposition of retributive condemnation on civic wrongdoing is itself a political and moral imperative of the state to respect all citizens equally and falls within the legitimate exercise of state coercive power.The relationship between civil/administrative law and criminal law is parallel rather than“pre-post”,and all three have their own unique functions and inherent realms.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期131-149,共19页
Law and Social Development
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“民行刑交叉视域下的法秩序统一性原理研究”(22CFX003)的阶段性成果
关键词
法秩序统一性
刑法后置论
平行关系论
最后手段原则
公民不法
Unity of the Legal Order
Subordination of the Criminal Law
Parallel Relationship Doctrine
Principle of Last Resort
Civic Wrongs
作者简介
张峰铭,中共中央党校(国家行政学院)政治和法律教研部讲师。
