摘要
目的分析2020年天津市滨海新区法定传染病发病情况及流行病学特征,并与2014-2019年发病均值相比较,了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)疫情发生后在采取各种防控措施下对全区整体传染病防控的影响,为今后科学制定防病策略及措施提供参考。方法收集发病日期为2020年现住址为滨海新区内的法定传染病确诊病例和临床诊断病例的发病及死亡资料,采用描述流行病学方法对传染病特征进行分析。同时收集2014-2019年传染病相关资料与2020年相比较。结果2020年天津市滨海新区法定传染病发病率为326.37/10万,与2014-2019年均值比较下降43.05%。甲、乙类传染病报告发病率为88.46/10万,与2014-2019年均值比较下降30.12%;丙类传染报告发病率为237.91/10万,与2014-2019年均值比较下降幅度高于甲、乙类,为46.72%。死亡率下降了41.38%。甲、乙类传染病2020年与2014-2019年发病率均值比较,报告数较多且下降最明显的为呼吸道传染病(下降42.80%),其次为肠道传染病(下降34.06%),丙类传染病肠道传染病报告最高,其次为呼吸道传染病。按月分析,1-4月发病率相对平稳,5月开始上升,6-8月形成发病高峰,9月开始下降,12月有小幅度上升。从发病人群分布上看,男性高于女性,男女之比为1.25∶1,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=27.449,P<0.001。从年龄上看,0~4岁婴幼儿发病最高,但5~9岁年龄组发病却低于往年。结论2020年由于受新冠肺炎疫情影响,年度发病情况较往年出现不同程度变化,尤其影响了呼吸道传染病的发病数据,全面防控新冠肺炎疫情同时,也大幅度降低了其他传染病的发病,但仍要加强其他重点传染病的防控工作。
Objective To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Binhai New Area of Tianjin in 2020,and compare them with the average incidence from 2014 to 2019,to understand the impact of various prevention and control measures on the overall prevention and control of infectious diseases in the whole region after the occurrence of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),so as to provide reference for the scientific formulation of disease prevention strategies and measures in the future.Methods The morbidity and mortality data of confirmed cases and clinically diagnosed cases of legal infectious diseases in Binhai New Area with the date of onset of 2020 were collected,and the characteristics of infectious diseases were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.At the same time,relevant data on infectious diseases from 2014 to 2019 were collected and compared with 2020.Results In 2020,the incidence rate of infectious diseases in Tianjin Binhai New Area was 326.37/100000,a decrease of 43.05%compared with the average value from 2014 to 2019.The reported incidence rate of class A and B infectious diseases was 88.46/100000,a decrease of 30.12%compared with the average in 2014-2019.The reported incidence rate of class C infectious diseases was 237.91/100000,with a decrease of 46.72%compared with the average in 2014-2019,higher than that of class A and B infectious diseases.The mortality rate decreased by 41.38%.Compared with the average incidence rate of class A and B infectious diseases in 2020 and 2014-2019,respiratory infectious diseases(down 42.80%)reported the highest,followed by intestinal infectious diseases(down 34.06%),class C infectious diseases,intestinal infectious diseases reported the highest,followed by respiratory infectious diseases.Monthly analysis showed that the incidence rate was relatively stable from January to April,rising in May,peaking from June to August,declining in September and rising slightly in December.In terms of the distribution of the affected population,men were higher than women,and the ratio of men to women was 1.25∶1,the difference was statistically significant,χ^(2)=27.449,P<0.001.In terms of age,the incidence of 0-4-year-old infants was the highest,but the incidence of 5-9-year-old age group was lower than in previous years.Conclusions In 2020,due to the impact of the COVID-19,the annual incidence changed to varying degrees compared with previous years,especially affecting the incidence data of respiratory infectious diseases.The comprehensive prevention and control of the COVID-19also significantly reduced the incidence of other infectious diseases,but it is still necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of other key infectious diseases.
作者
吕秀芝
杨桐桐
蔡志禹
LYU Xiu-zhi;YANG Tong-tong;CAI Zhi-yu(Infectious Disease Control Division,Tianjin Binhai New Area Prevention and Control Center,Tianjin 300480,China)
出处
《社区医学杂志》
CAS
2022年第13期727-731,共5页
Journal Of Community Medicine
关键词
法定传染病
发病率
流行病学特征
呼吸道传染病
notifiable infectious diseases
incidence rate
epidemiological characteristics
respiratory infectious diseases
作者简介
通信作者:吕秀芝,女,天津人,副主任医师,主要从事传染病控制的研究工作。E-mail:445851448@qq.com
