摘要
司法实践对"政府信息不存在"一类案件的审查处理存在一定程度的混乱,认定标准和审查规则也缺乏体系性。"信息不存在"并非是纯粹的描述性事实判断,也具有规范属性,解决司法审查的前提是确定"信息不存在"的规范内涵,进而理清司法审查的具体步骤,将审查规则予以层次化。在具体个案中可先回避实质性审查,通过判断行政机关是否依法履行"告知义务",从形式合法性角度审查被诉行政行为的合法性,后再转为对信息存在状态的实质性判断,通过直接证明的方式予以认定。如此路径存在困难,则借助法律推定的方式转化司法认定的对象,依据层次性的证据证明标准对行政机关"检索义务"的履行程度进行审查,进而推定政府信息的存在状态。
Judicial practice has a certain degree of confusion in the review and handling of cases where"Non-existence of Government Information",and the criteria and review rules also lack systematism."Non-existence"is not a purely descriptive fact judgment,but also has a normative attribute.The premise of solving judicial review is to determine the normative connotation of"Non-existence",followed by clarifying the specific steps of judicial review,and layering the review rules.In specific cases,evade the substantive review of the matter,by judging whether the administrative organ performed the"information obligation"according to law and review the legality of the administrative action being sued from the perspective of formal legitimacy.Then change it to the substantive status of the information.Judgment should be confirmed by direct proof.If such path is difficult,the object of judicial determination is transformed by means of legal presumption the degree of fulfillment of the"retrieval obligation"of the administrative organ is reviewed according to the hierarchical evidence standard to presume the existence of government information.
作者
王嘉贤
WANG Jia-xian(Tsinghua University Law School,Beijing 100084)
出处
《行政法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期141-152,共12页
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW
基金
中国人民大学科研基金重大项目继续支持研究计划“创新完善行政执法制度和方法体系研究”(项目批准号:17XNL010)的研究成果
关键词
信息不存在
告知义务
确证
推定
检索义务
Non-existence of Government Information
Notification Obligation
Confirmation
Presumption
Retrieval Obligation
作者简介
王嘉贤,清华大学法学院博士研究生
