摘要
库区减淤和坝下游河道防洪是黄河中下游洪水管理需要统筹考虑的目标,为此建立了能够实现库区、下游河道和滩区联合模拟的水沙模拟系统.该系统由一维水库、一维河道、二维滩区3个子模型和水库调度模块组成.其中水库模型通过浑水明流与异重流控制方程的交替求解模拟异重流的形成、传播与出库过程.模拟系统中采用的控制方程充分考虑了水沙输移与河床变形之间的耦合作用,数值方法主要采用了具有激波捕捉能力的有限体积法,水库调度模块可以对多种调度模式自定义组合.模拟系统给出的2012年黄河调水调沙过程中小浪底库区水位变化,异重流演进,下游水文断面含沙量变化等计算结果与实测过程符合较好.通过坝下游一维河道模型和二维滩区模型的联合模拟,分析了兰考东明滩区漫滩洪水过程中植被阻力对演进速度和冲淤分布的影响.最后采用该系统模拟了小浪底水库运用条件下"1958"型洪水的演进过程,在防洪调度规则下小浪底水库最大下泄流量约9000m^3/s,花园口洪峰流量削减了3982m^3/s,库区及坝下游累计淤积量分别为3.68×10~8t和1.33×10~8t.因此该模拟系统可以为黄河中游水库优化调度,下游河道防洪工程建设以及蓄滞洪区运用提供科学依据.
Reservoir sedimentation control and flood control in downstream rivers are two major objectives in the basin management of the Middle and Lower Yellow River,for which a modelling system is developed to simulate processes of flow and sediment transport in reservoirs,channels and floodplains collaboratively.The system consists of a one-dimensional(1D)reservoir model and a 1D river channel model,a two-dimensional(2D)floodplain model and a reservoir operation module.The reservoir model can simulate the generation,propagation and venting processes of turbidity currents by solving the turbid open channel flow equations and turbidity current equations alternatively.The governing equations are all established with full consideration to the coupling of flow and sediment transport and bed deformation processes,and the numerical schemes adopted are based on the finite volume method with shock-capturing ability.The reservoir operation module allows the users to combine different operation modes to customize a complete operation rule.The modelling results of the water and sediment regulation in 2012 agreed with the measurements,regarding water levels and turbidity current propagation in the reservoir and sediment concentrations in the Lower Yellow River.An analysis was conducted on the effects of vegetation resistance on propagation speed and deposition distribution of a flooding process in the Dongming floodplain area.The system was applied to simulate the routing of the 1958-type flood with the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.Modelling results show that the released maximum discharge from the reservoir was about 9000 m^3/s under the operation rule of flood control,and the peak discharge at Huayuankou was reduced by 3982 m^3/s,with 3.68×10~8 t and 1.33×10~8 t of sediment deposited in the reservoir and the Lower Yellow River,respectively.
作者
夏军强
王增辉
王英珍
张晓雷
XIA Junqiang;WANG Zenghui;WANG Yingzhen;ZHANG Xiaolei(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处
《应用基础与工程科学学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期652-665,共14页
Journal of Basic Science and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51725902,51809196,51579186)
关键词
小浪底水库
水库调度
水沙输移
水库异重流
河道洪水
滩区洪水
模拟系统
黄河中下游
Xiaolangdi Reservoir
reservoir operation
flow and sediment transport
turbidity current
flood
floodplain flood
modelling system
Middle and Lower Yellow River
作者简介
夏军强(1974—),男,博士生导师,E-mail:xiajq@whu.edu.cn
