摘要
水库是拦蓄洪水、保障水资源供给的重要水利工程。我国共有各类水库大坝9.8万多座,在经济社会发展中发挥着不可替代的防洪减灾和兴利作用,但这些水库大多数年代已久,工程建设质量先天不足、管理设施落后,安全度汛风险突出,对应急管理的要求更高。本文客观地分析了我国水库大坝安全与管理状况,从洪水预报和溃坝突发事件监测预警、工程安全监测设施和制度建设、各级部门管理人员和公众风险意识、应急预案编制和执行、应急准备和指挥以及应急抢险技术和装备等方面系统全面地分析了当前水库大坝应急管理中存在的突出短板和问题,总结了2021年郑州“7·20”极端暴雨郭家咀水库漫坝重大险情抢险过程中暴露的问题和需要汲取的教训,针对性提出了对策建议。
Reservoir is an important hydraulic engineering project to impound flood and ensure water supply.There are more than 98000 reservoirs and dams in China,playing an irreplaceable role in flood mitigation and profit promotion during the economic and social development,but most of which have been in existence for a long time.In addition,the construction quality is congenital deficiency,the management facilities are backward,the risk of safe flood prevention is prominent,and the requirements for emergency management are higher.This paper objectively analyzed the safety and management status of reservoirs and dams in China,and systematically and comprehensively analyzed the outstanding shortcomings and problems existing in the current reservoir-dam emergency management,from the aspects of flood forecast and dam-break emergency monitoring and early warning,construction of engineering safety monitoring facilities and systems,risk awareness of department managers at all levels and the public,preparation and implementation of emergency plans,emergency preparedness and command,as well as emergency rescue technology and equipment.The exposed problems and lessons to be learned in the rescue process of Guojiazui reservoir overtopping in the Extreme Rainstorm“7·20”in Zhengzhou in 2021 was summarized,and then to put forward countermeasures and suggestions.
作者
张建云
盛金保
金君良
张士辰
Zhang Jianyun;Sheng Jinbao;Jin Junliang;Zhang Shichen
出处
《中国应急管理科学》
2022年第9期23-30,共8页
Journal of China Emergency Management Science
关键词
水库大坝
应急管理
应急预案
监测预警
郭家咀水库
Reservoirs and Dams
Emergency Management
Contingency Plan
Monitoring and Warning
Guojiazui Reservoir
作者简介
张建云,中国工程院院士,南京水利科学研究院正高级工程师;盛金保,南京水利科学研究院正高级工程师;金君良,南京水利科学研究院正高级工程师;张士辰,南京水利科学研究院正高级工程师。
