摘要
大学生创造性思维和实践能力培养正日益成为高等教育领域的热点问题并引起社会的关注,众多研究站在高等教育的立场讨论解决问题的应然,而不是站在用人单位的视角探讨问题的实然,并反思理论话语本身因价值偏好和过度强化带来的大学与社会之间的疏离。基于用户视角,采用问卷调查和深度访谈的方法,收集企业、政府和学校等用人单位对大学生创造性思维和实践能力培养的一手资料进行文本分析。结果显示,不同用户对大学生创造性思维和实践能力的理解没有实质性区别,评价也基本一致,但结果的一致不能掩盖不同用户之间的意向性差异;用户更倾向于选择创造性思维和实践能力兼备的大学毕业生,但发展的不同阶段、不同的岗位和问题,选择偏好不同;虽然教育部门强调创造性思维和实践能力培养,但用人单位更看重实践能力特别是综合素质。这对大学人才培养的启示是:既要重视创造性思维和实践能力,更应关注综合素质培养;既要适应市场需求,也要发挥引领作用,即兼顾针对性和超越性。
Cultivation of college students’ creative thinking and practical ability have become the priority of the comprehensive quality training of college students.It has become a hot issue in the field of higher education and has attracted the attention of the society.Many studies stand in the position of higher education to discuss the solution to the problem,rather than from the perspective of the employer.Exploring the reality of the problem and rethinking the alienation between the university and society brought about by the value disposition and over-strengthening.Based on the user’s perspective,using questionnaires and in-depth interviews,the paper analyzes the first-hand materials of enterprises,government and school employers on the cultivation of creative thinking and practical ability of college students.The results show that different users have no substantive difference in the understanding of college students’ creative thinking and practical ability,and the evaluation is basically the same,but the consistency of evaluation results can’t cover the intentional differences between different users;users are more inclined to choose both creative thinking and practical ability.University graduates,but different stages of development,different positions and problems,different preferences;although the education department emphasizes creative thinking and practical ability training,employers pay more attention to practical ability,especially comprehensive quality.The enlightenment to the cultivation of university talents is that we should not only attach importance to creative thinking and practical ability,but also pay attention to the cultivation of comprehensive quality.We should not only adapt to the market demand,but also play a leading role,that is,give consideration to both pertinence and transcendence.
作者
蔡宗模
张海生
吴朝平
杨慷慨
Cai Zongmo;Zhang Haisheng;Wu Chaoping;Yang Kangkai(Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences,Chongqing 402160,China)
出处
《中国高等教育评论》
2020年第2期39-53,共15页
China Higher Education Review
基金
2019年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“新全球化背景下地方高校‘再地化’研究”(19XJA880002)
重庆市教委人文社科项目“高校应用型创新人才培养的生态环境建设研究”(16SKGH162)
关键词
大学生
创造性思维
实践能力
文本分析
college students
creative thinking
practical ability
text analysis
作者简介
蔡宗模(1967-),男,重庆璧山人,重庆文理学院西部高等教育研究中心执行主任、管理学博士、教授、硕士生导师,主要从事高等教育管理研究;张海生(1990-),男,安徽临泉人,重庆文理学院期刊社编辑部编辑、博士研究生,主要从事高等教育管理和期刊编辑出版研究;吴朝平(1982-),女,重庆江津人,编辑、硕士,主要从事期刊编辑出版和经济管理研究;杨慷慨(1972-),男,侗族,湖北恩施人,重庆文理学院职业教育研究所副所长、博士研究生,主要从事职业教育与区域经济发展研究。
