公益诉讼授权单行立法的“民事化”及其消解被引量：10

The“Civilization”of Separate Legislation Authorizing Public Interest Litigation and Its Dissolution

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摘要当下中国公益诉讼发展迅猛,案件范围不断拓展,“4+N”格局基本形成。尽管公益诉讼授权单行立法越来越多,但却呈现显在的“民事化”倾向,不少立法并不允许提起行政公益诉讼。党的二十大报告明确提出要“完善公益诉讼制度”,公益诉讼专门立法提上议事日程。但公益诉讼授权单行立法的“民事化”却引发诸多冲突和张力,严重影响公益诉讼制度的发展。我国公益诉讼尽管在单行立法上呈现“民事化”,但司法实践却存在显在的“行政化”。未来,我国公益诉讼在坚持“行政化”这一格局下,应进行一定的改造。检察机关应逐步减少提起民事公益诉讼案件的数量,社会组织等提起的公益诉讼也应建立诉前程序,检察机关应强化对其他主体提起公益诉讼的支持和监督等。 At present,China’s public interest litigation is developing rapidly,the scope of cases is constantly expanding,and the“4+N”pattern is basically formed.Although there are more and more separate legislation authorizing public interest litigations,it shows a prominent tendency of“civilization”,and many legislation does not allow administrative public interest litigation.The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed to“improve the public interest litigation system”,and put special legislation for public interest litigation on the agenda.However,the“civilization”of separate legislation of public interest litigation has caused many conflicts and tension,which seriously affects the development of public interest litigation system.Although there is“civilization”in China’s public interest litigation in separate legislation,there is obvious“administration”in judicial practice.In the future,China should carry out certain transformation under the pattern of“administration”.The number of civil public interest litigation cases brought by procuratorial organs should be gradually reduced,pre-litigation procedures should be established for public interest litigation initiated by social organizations,and procuratorial organs should strengthen support and supervision of public interest litigation initiated by other subjects.

作者张嘉军 Zhang Jiajun(Law School of Zhengzhou University;Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Institute of Zhengzhou University;China Judicial Case Study Center of Zhengzhou University)

机构地区郑州大学检察公益诉讼研究院郑州大学中国司法案例研究中心郑州大学法学院

出处《国家检察官学院学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第3期27-42,共16页 Journal of National Prosecutors College

基金 2021年度河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目“新时代检察民事公益诉讼基本程序体系研究”(2021-JCZD-28) 2022年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“比例原则在民事诉讼中的适用研究”(22AFX010)的阶段性研究成果

关键词公益诉讼单行立法民事化行政化 Public Interest Litigation Separate Legislation Civilization Administration

分类号 D916.3 [政治法律—法学]

作者简介张嘉军,郑州大学法学院教授、博士生导师,郑州大学检察公益诉讼研究院执行院长、郑州大学中国司法案例研究中心执行主任。