摘要
人工授精技术是通过人工采集雄性动物精液,经检测和处理后将新鲜或冷冻保存的精液再输入雌性动物生殖道的特定部位,以代替自然交配而繁衍后代的一种技术。人工授精技术的大规模应用可以充分发挥优秀种公畜的遗传资源,加快品种改良速度,降低养殖成本和生殖道疾病传播。人工授精技术的发展大大改变了畜牧生产的模式,但现阶段还面临着发情鉴定困难、繁殖障碍和精液冷冻与性控技术不成熟等问题。文章回顾了人工授精的发展历史与做出突出贡献的关键性人物,总结了现阶段人工授精技术应用的主要困难,以期为未来技术升级及广泛应用提供理论参考。
Artificial insemination is a kind of technology that replaces natural mating and procreation by collecting the semen of male animals artificially, and then importing the fresh or frozen preserved semen into a specific part of the reproductive tract of female animals after testing and processing.Artificial insemination is commonly used instead of natural mating in many species of animals because of the many benefits which including increased safety of the animals and producers, increased production efficiency and better genetics, reducing many of the risks involved with breeding and prevention of venereally transmitted diseases(VTD). The development of artificial insemination technology has greatly changed the mode of animal husbandry production. However, artificial insemination still leaves much to be desired when associated with efficiencies of estrus detection, reproductive disorders and sex-controlling. This paper reviews the development history and key figures of artificial insemination, summarizes the challenges in application of artificial insemination in animal breeding, so as to provide reference for the improvement and application of artificial insemination in the future.
作者
杨轩宁
赵萌萌
张鲁
YANG Xuanning;ZHAO Mengmeng;ZHANG Lu(College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《黑龙江动物繁殖》
2023年第1期43-49,60,共8页
Heilongjiang journal of animal reproduction
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32002181)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2022TC143)。
关键词
人工授精
发展历程
输精技术
冷冻精液
性别控制
artificial insemination
development process
transfusion technique
frozen semen
sex control
作者简介
杨轩宁(2002-),女,本科生,2020304010128@cau.edu.cn;通信作者:张鲁(1985-),男,副教授,博士,研究方向为动物繁殖与发育科学,luzhang2018@cau.edu.cn.
