摘要
港澳回归前实行的公务员制度是英国和葡萄牙公务员制度的延伸,长期标榜实行“政治中立”原则。港澳回归后,实行西方“政治中立”的宪制基础已不存在。片面强调“政治中立”,既不能与“一国两制”的宪制秩序相适应,也不利于加强公务员政治能力建设和促进公务员队伍团结稳定。中国共产党领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征,“一国两制”是中国特色社会主义的伟大创举和重要组成部分。港澳地区公务员既不能反对中国共产党领导,也不能对中国共产党领导表示“政治中立”。特别行政区行政长官必须代表特别行政区整体利益,不得具有政党或政治团体的身份,在特别行政区层面不存在执政党更替的问题。应当坚守“政治忠诚”而不宜再用“政治中立”提法,必要时可用“行政中立”替代,并进一步提升港澳地区公务员的政治忠诚意识和推进公务员的宣誓制度建设,立法须明确港澳地区公务员政治权利行使的界限,加强对公务员违反政治忠诚义务和就职誓言的惩戒。
The civil service system implemented in Hong Kong and Macao before their return to the motherland was an extension of the British and Portuguese civil service systems,which had long boasted the implementation of the principle of"political neutrality".After their return to the motherland,the constitutional basis for the implementation of western"political neutrality"does not exist any longer.The one-sided emphasis on"political neutrality"is not compatible with the constitutional order of"one country,two systems",nor is it conducive to strengthening the political capacity building of civil servants and the unity and stability of the civil service.The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of the socialism with Chinese characteristics."One country,two systems"is a great innovation and an important part of the socialism with Chinese characteristics.Civil servants in Hong Kong and Macao can neither oppose the leadership of the Communist Party of China nor express"political neutrality"towards the leadership of the Communist Party of China.The SAR Chief Executive must represent the interests of the SAR as a whole,and must not be a member of a political party or political organization,and there is no question of a change of the ruling party at the SAR level.It is suggested that"political loyalty"must be adhered to,and the term"political neutrality"should no longer be used and may be replaced by"administrative neutrality"if necessary,and the awareness of political loyalty of civil servants in Hong Hong and Macao should be further improved and the construction of civil servants’oath system should be promoted,and the boundary of political rights exercised by civil servants of Hong Kong and Macao should be clarified through legislation,and the discipline for civil servants who violate their duties of political loyalty and oath of office should be strengthened.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期109-123,共15页
Political Science and Law
关键词
“一国两制”
公务员
政治中立
政治忠诚
"One country,Two systems"
Civil Servants
Political Neutrality
Political Loyalty
作者简介
王禹,中国澳门大学法学院教授、博士生导师。
